Answers3262 CR Physics B 2526Unit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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What is the energy equivalent of an object with a mass of 2.5 kg?

A
5.5 × 108 J
B
7.5 × 108 J
C
3.6 × 1016 J
D
2.25 × 1017 J
2
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What is the energy equivalent of an object with a mass of 1.05 g?

A
3.15 × 105 J
B
3.15 × 108 J
C
9.45 × 1013 J
D
9.45 × 1016 J
3

What are the starting materials for nuclear fission?

A
two small nuclei
B
two large nuclei
C
a neutron and a large nucleus
D
a neutron and a small nucleus
4

Which equation represents mass-energy equivalence?

A
E = m2c
B
E = mc2
C
E = (mc)2
D
E = mc
5

Which statement describes why energy is released in a nuclear fusion reaction based on mass-energy equivalence?

A
For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is greater than the mass of the products.
B
For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is less than the mass of the products.
C
For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is greater than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.
D
For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is less than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.
6

Which describes why radioisotopes can be used as tracers in studying the biological and chemical processes of plants?

A
The radioisotope is chemically identical to the nonradioisotope the plant normally uses.
B
The radioisotope is absorbed more quickly than the nonradioisotope the plant normally uses.
C
The radioisotope converts the nonradioisotope normally used by a plant into a radioisotope.
D
The radioisotope travels through the plant without participating in any chemical processes.
7

Gazala makes a graphic organizer to compare nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

Question illustration
A
X: Provides household electricityY: Has rods containing uranium
B
X: Provides household electricityY: Requires high temperature and pressure
C
X: Converts mass into energyY: Does not produce usable amounts of energy
D
X: Converts mass into energyY: Is controlled by neutron absorption
8

Trudy writes an expression to calculate the mass defect of a carbon-14 nucleus using the symbols in the table.

Question illustration
A
(6mp + 8mn) – mc – 14
B
(8mp + 6mn) – mc – 14
C
mp + mn – mc – 14
D
6mp + 8me – mc – 14
9

How does gamma decay differ from both alpha decay and beta decay?

A
No change in mass number occurs.
B
A nucleus becomes more stable.
C
No new element forms.
D
A nucleus releases protons and neutrons.
10

Carla sees an equation that models a nuclear change.

Question illustration
A
nuclear fission, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
B
nuclear fission, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
C
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
D
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
11

The diagram shows a model of a nuclear change.

Question illustration
A
nuclear fission, because nuclei combine
B
nuclear fission, because a nucleus breaks apart
C
nuclear fusion, because nuclei combine
D
nuclear fusion, because a nucleus breaks apart
12

Which are methods of reducing exposure to ionizing radiation? Check all that apply. using a lead apron during medical X-rayspicking up radioactive material by hand to avoid dropping ittaking an X-ray image of large areas of the body at onceusing a short burst of X-rays to take an imagetaking an image of the smallest possible area

A
using a lead apron during medical X-rays
B
picking up radioactive material by hand to avoid dropping it
C
taking an X-ray image of large areas of the body at once
D
using a short burst of X-rays to take an image
E
taking an image of the smallest possible area
13

Which are advantages of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity? Select 3 options.Nuclear power produces no hazardous byproducts.Nuclear power has a high output.Nuclear power uses nonharmful fuel.Nuclear power is readily available.Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon dioxide emissions.

A
Nuclear power produces no hazardous byproducts.
B
Nuclear power has a high output.
C
Nuclear power uses nonharmful fuel.
D
Nuclear power is readily available.
E
Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon dioxide emissions.
14

Which statements are supported by the graph? Check all that apply.

A
For large atoms, more neutrons than protons are needed to be stable.
B
Nuclei that have 90 or greater protons are always radioactive.
C
Atoms must have equal numbers of protons and neutrons to be stable.
D
Atoms that have less than 10 protons do not need neutrons to be stable.
15

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years. How old is a sample of cobalt-60 if only one-eighth of the original sample is still cobalt-60?

A
5 years
B
10 years
C
15 years
D
20 years
16

What is the half-life of a radioisotope?

A
half of the time needed for a sample of radioisotope to become stable
B
the time needed for half of a sample of radioisotope to decay
C
the time needed before the first half of a radioisotope begins to decay
D
half of the time needed for a radioisotope to leave the body
17

The table lists several radioisotopes that have technological uses.

Question illustration
A
uranium-238
B
carbon-14
C
iodine-131
D
technetium-99
18

Sadira makes a graphic organizer to show how geologists and archaeologists use radioisotopes.Which labels belong in the regions marked X and Y?

Question illustration
A
X: Uses carbon-14Y: Uses uranium-238
B
X: Uses uranium-238Y: Determines ages of objects
C
X: Determines ages of objectsY: Uses uranium-238
D
X: Uses isotopes with short half-livesY: Determines ages of objects
19

Gertrude writes a short story in which the main character must enter a nuclear-powered spaceship’s engine room that has lost its shielding in order to prevent the engine from flooding the rest of the ship with radiation. The main character is not wearing protective gear.What effects are best for Gertrude to consider when planning what may happen to the character?

A
non-stochastic effects such as possible DNA mutations later in life resulting from the short-term, high-level exposure
B
non-stochastic effects such as severe burns and radiation sickness resulting from the short-term, high-level exposure
C
stochastic effects such as possible DNA mutations that are unlikely to occur from the single, low-level exposure
D
stochastic effects such as severe burns and radiation sickness resulting from the long-term, low-level exposure
20

Which is the best predictor of the radioactive nature of an isotope?

A
the proton-to-electron ratio
B
the neutron-to-proton ratio
C
the neutron-to-electron ratio
D
the electron-to-proton ratio

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