AnswersNY-Life Science Biology Term 1 HillcrestCell Differentiation and Specialization

Cell Differentiation and Specialization — Unit test Answers

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1
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It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can

A
grow into giant super cells.
B
undergo meiosis.
C
become cancer cells.
D
produce two identical cells.
2
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How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

A
rest prior to cell division
B
growth of cell and replication of DNA
C
dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane
D
division of cytoplasm
3

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?

A
Chloroplasts do not reproduce.
B
Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
C
Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
D
Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
4

The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person?

A
a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building
B
a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
C
a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown
D
a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam
5

Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell?

A
cell membrane
B
Golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
6

How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?

A
with more contractions
B
with fewer contractions
C
the contractions would suddenly cease
D
with the same frequency of contractions
7

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

A
mitochondria
B
cytoplasm
C
nucleus
D
ribosomes
8

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled G?

Question illustration
A
centrioles
B
lysosomes
C
ribosomes
D
mitochondria
9

A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope?

A
electron microscope
B
scanning microscope
C
compound light microscope
D
simple microscope
10

A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene.What can he assume about the number of adenine?

A
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of guanine bases.
B
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the total of all the other bases.
C
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases.
D
The number of adenine bases will be half of the number of cytosine bases.
11

How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?

A
A suspect’s mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.
B
A suspect’s mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.
C
A suspect’s nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.
D
A suspect’s nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.
12

Which type of cells are the least limited in differentiation?

A
adult stem cells
B
embryonic stem cells
C
amniotic fluid stem cells
D
somatic stem cells
13

Who first recognized the cell as the universal unit of life?

A
Virchow
B
van Leeuwenhoek
C
Hooke
D
Schleiden and Schwann
14

Which process is part of translation but not transcription?

A
A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
B
A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.
C
A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
D
An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.
15

A protein called GEF-H1 is known to control immune responses to certain viruses such as influenza A. GEF-H1 is best classified as which kind of protein?

A
a structural protein
B
an antibody
C
an enzyme
D
a messenger protein
16

Which is an example of how stem cells are currently being used?

A
for generating healthy cells to form replacement organs like brains
B
for directing differentiation to treat diabetes and arthritis
C
for testing for possible side effects of a new cancer medication
D
for curing heart disease by regenerating damaged heart tissue
17

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionChloroplastStores water and waste materialsCell wallSupports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cellCell membraneBreaks down waste materials and debrisVacuoleProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
chloroplast
B
cell wall
C
cell membrane
D
vacuole
18

A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it has DNA.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it has cytoplasm.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a cell membrane.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts.
19

Which best describes the cell theory?

A
Scientists know all there is to know about cells, so the cell theory will not change.
B
As technological advancements are made, the cell theory may change.
C
A theory, once formulated, cannot be changed.
D
The development of a synthetic cell has caused the cell theory to change.
20

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

A
RNA instructs DNA to make proteins.
B
DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.
C
RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D
DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.

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