Surface Water — Unit test Answers

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1
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Which correctly lists three methods of conservation that are considered controversial in Virginia?

A
aquaculture, maintaining functional dams, nutrient trading
B
nutrient trading, reducing urban runoff, protecting wildlife
C
protecting wildlife, maintaining functional dams, aquaculture
D
aquaculture, nutrient trading, reducing urban runoff
2
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Which process is responsible for changing the composition of rock?

A
erosion
B
abrasion
C
chemical weathering
D
mechanical weathering
3

How do erosion and deposition work together to form sand dunes?

A
Waves cause erosion along coastlines and deposit sand away from the shore.
B
Erosion occurs as surface water carries sediment and the sediment is deposited near oceans and lakes.
C
Glaciers cause erosion through the movement of large chunks of ice, which are deposited and form depressions.
D
Erosion occurs through deflation, and sand that was picked up is deposited against an obstruction.
4

Which material is an aquifer layer most likely made of?

A
soil
B
clay
C
solid granite
D
cracked rocks
5

Which correctly lists the three processes that are affected by freeze and thaw cycles?

A
creep, landslide, and deposition
B
deposition, creep, and weathering
C
landslide, slump, and deposition
D
slump, weathering, and creep
6

Which phrase describes one type of freshwater wetland?

A
acidic areas found in northern climates
B
reservoirs created by dams at the end of rivers
C
areas of high elevation that feed into river systems
D
large, deep body of water that contains fresh water
7

A farmer is analyzing cross sections of his land to determine where to build a well. Which phrase describes the best area to dig down to the groundwater?

A
where the saturated zone is 15 meters deep
B
where the water table is at 100 meters deep
C
where the unsaturated zone is 50 meters thick
D
where there is a 25-meter thick clay layer at the surface
8

Which describes sand?

A
fine-grained
B
retains water
C
water drains quickly
D
good for growing crops
9

A city experiences a heavy rainfall. Days later, when no rainwater is present, rock, debris, and soil fall down a steep hill.Which type of mass movement does this describe?

A
creep
B
landslide
C
mudflow
D
slump
10

Which correctly lists three water sources that contribute to a river system?

A
groundwater, ponds, streams
B
lakes, rivers, ponds
C
rivers, streams, watersheds
D
streams, lakes, oceans
11

Which statement describes the Potomac-Shenandoah watershed?

A
It flows into the James River.
B
It includes part of West Virginia.
C
It is the northernmost watershed.
D
It is a mixture of fresh and salt water.
12

Which feature is created by deposition from rivers?

A
rills
B
meanders
C
alluvial fans
D
gullies
13

Which particle has a high rate of deposition?

A
a low-density particle
B
a small particle falling off a cliff
C
a particle with jagged, rough ends
D
a large round particle settling on a surface
14

Which factor is included in watershed conservation?

A
protecting different kinds of wildlife
B
removing vegetation whenever possible
C
preventing damage to crops from precipitation
D
relocating ecosystems away from polluted areas
15

Which process is defined as breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing the rocks' compositions?

A
erosion
B
oxidation
C
chemical weathering
D
mechanical weathering
16

Which formation is one feature of karst topography?

A
caves
B
kettles
C
meanders
D
oxbow lakes
17

Which condition leads to a slower rate of weathering?

A
porous rocks
B
cold climates
C
hard minerals
D
high temperatures
18

Which statement describes the Big Sandy, Clinch-Powell, and Holston watersheds?

A
They are the smallest watersheds.
B
They are located in different regions of Virginia.
C
They all flow into the Chesapeake Bay.
D
They are Virginia’s westernmost watersheds.
19

A landscaper is shopping for landscaping materials. She wants to use materials through which water flows easily.Which two materials should she choose?

A
clay and gravel
B
gravel and loosely packed soil
C
granite and rocks with cracks
D
rocks with cracks and clay
20

Which statement best describes a characteristic of deposition?

A
Sediment settles in a new place due to size, water speed, and land shape.
B
Sediment is removed from a new surface location.
C
Moving water affects where sediment travels.
D
Rocks are broken into smaller particles.

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