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Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients.Now the philosophy of the Greeks, which in investigating the material principles of things is careful and acute, in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid; and on the point now in question seems to be altogether blind and babbling; for that opinion of the Peripatetics which refers the original impulse of matter to privation, is little more than words—a name for the thing rather than a description of it.

A
the philosophy of the Greeks, which in investigating the material principles of things is careful and acute
B
in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid
C
refers the original impulse of matter to privation
D
a name for the thing rather than a description of it
2
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Read the paragraph from the Declaration of Independence.When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.Now, read the paragraph from the Declaration of Sentiments.When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes that impel them to such a course.

A
the similarities in the wording.
B
the origins of the two authors.
C
the dates the texts were written.
D
the differences in rhetorical appeals.
3

Read the passage from "An Essay on Man.”Most strength the moving principle requires;Active its task, it prompts, impels, inspires.Sedate and quiet the comparing lies,Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise.

A
strength
B
active
C
quiet
D
deliberate
4

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients.For Venus excites the general appetite of conjunction and procreation; Cupid, her son, applies the appetite to an individual object. From Venus therefore comes the general disposition, from Cupid the more exact sympathy.

A
He uses logos to convince the reader of his point.
B
He uses pathos to engage the reader emotionally.
C
He uses positive connotations to amuse the reader.
D
He uses negative connotations to frighten the reader.
5

Read the sentence from a paper on Gulliver's Travels.Swift wrote Gulliver’s Travels so he could humorously criticize the government.

A
belief.
B
purpose.
C
style.
D
theme.
6

To determine the central idea of An Essay on Man, what should the reader do first?

A
paraphrase the author’s argument
B
locate key details
C
decide the author’s message
D
identify the topic
7

When Bacon changes the definition of love in Of the Wisdom of the Ancients, he is

A
refining the term.
B
removing a nuance.
C
providing context clues.
D
discussing the etymology.
8

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients.This Love is introduced without any parent at all; only, that some say he was an egg of Night. And himself out of Chaos begot all things, the gods included. The attributes which are assigned to him are in number four: he is always an infant; he is blind; he is naked; he is an archer. There was also another Love, the youngest of all the gods, son of Venus, to whom the attributes of the elder are transferred, and whom in a way they suit.

A
Chaos is.
B
Love is.
C
Night is.
D
Venus is.
9

Read the passage from "An Essay on Man.”Sedate and quiet the comparing lies,Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise.Self-love still stronger, as its objects nigh;Reason’s at distance, and in prospect lie:

A
avoid telling the complete truth.
B
think about something seriously.
C
develop a logical philosophy.
D
gain perspective on a topic.
10

Read the excerpt from Thoughts and Sentiments.The longer that men continue in the practice of evil and wickedness, they grow the more abandoned; for nothing in history can equal the barbarity and cruelty of the tortures and murders committed under various pretences in modern slavery, except the annals of the Inquisition and the bloody edicts of Popish massacres.

A
There have been worse things than slavery.
B
Slavery is an awful and vicious practice.
C
Slaveholders need spiritual guidance.
D
One cannot stop the practice of slavery.
11

Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels.There was a most ingenious architect, who had contrived a new method for building houses, by beginning at the roof, and working downward to the foundation.

A
In his travels, Gulliver is fooled by a silly architect he meets.
B
When he meets a ridiculous architect, Gulliver is oddly impressed.
C
Gulliver encounters an architect who builds houses from the top down.
D
Gulliver meets an architect who has a crazy way of building houses.
12

Read the two passages from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients.Passage 1:The fable relates to the cradle and infancy of nature, and pierces deep. This Love I understand to be the appetite or instinct of primal matter; or to speak more plainly, the natural motion of the atom; which is indeed the original and unique force that constitutes and fashions all things out of matter.Passage 2:Let us now consider his attributes. He is described with great elegance as a little child, and a child for ever; for things compounded are larger and are affected by age; whereas the primary seeds of things, or atoms, are minute and remain in perpetual infancy.

A
Passage 1 explains his central idea, while passage 2 supports it.
B
Passage 1 provides a counter argument, while passage 2 disproves it.
C
Passage 1 supports the central idea, while passage 2 explains what the central idea is.
D
Passage 1 lists a supporting example, while passage 2 provides a counter argument.
13

Read the passage from An Essay on Man.Self-love and reason to one end aspire,Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire;But greedy that, its object would devour,This taste the honey, and not wound the flow'r

A
create humor.
B
encourage debate.
C
clarify his argument.
D
make an emotional appeal.
14

Read the excerpt from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.For surely, Sir, you will not assert, that a duty can be binding which is not founded on reason? If indeed this be their destination, arguments may be drawn from reason: and thus augustly supported, the more understanding women acquire, the more they will be attached to their duty—comprehending it—for unless they comprehend it, unless their morals be fixed on the same immutable principle as those of man, no authority can make them discharge it in a virtuous manner. They may be convenient slaves, but slavery will have its constant effect, degrading the master and the abject dependent.

A
by suggesting that women’s assigned roles enslave them
B
by suggesting that women need more hired help
C
by insisting that men explain women’s duties to them
D
by insisting that women have better morals than men
15

ideaassumptionbeliefpurpose

A
idea
B
assumption
C
belief
D
purpose
16

Read the sentence.To the best of our knowledge, he decided that his major would be acting.

A
a conjunction
B
a gerund
C
an infinitive
D
a participle
17

Read the excerpt from "A Modest Proposal."This I freely own, and 'twas indeed one principal design in offering it to the world. I desire the reader will observe, that I calculate my remedy for this one individual Kingdom of Ireland, and for no other that ever was, is, or, I think, ever can be upon Earth. Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: Of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: Of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: . . . Of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants. Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our shop-keepers . . .

A
to shame the greedy people who have contributed to Ireland’s poverty instead of trying to help eradicate it
B
to shame those who are trapped in Ireland’s cycle of poverty for refusing to work harder for better lives
C
to show that other solutions to Ireland’s poverty are not as effective as the plan Swift puts forth in the proposal
D
to show that the wealthy members of society have tried to remedy Ireland’s poverty in many different ways
18

Read the passage.All the students signed a petition, but they still needed the faculty’s permission to start the club. The students came to the next faculty meeting, and they presented a solid argument. All of their hard work paid off because the students won their campaign.

A
It contains two compound sentences and one complex sentence.
B
It contains one compound sentence and two complex sentences.
C
It contains three compound sentences.
D
It contains three complex sentences.
19

Read the excerpt from Thoughts and Sentiments.It is therefore manifest, that something else ought yet to be done; and what is required, is evidently the incumbent duty of all men of enlightened understanding, and of every man that has any claim or affinity to the name of Christian, that the base treatment which the African Slaves undergo, ought to be abolished; and it is moreover evident, that the whole, or any part of that iniquitous traffic of slavery, can no where, or in any degree, be admitted, but among those who must eventually resign their own claim to any degree of sensibility and humanity, for that of barbarians.

A
by praising the many good Christians who are slaveholders
B
by claiming that enslaved people will be freed when they become Christians
C
by describing people who need to be enlightened
D
by accusing supporters of slavery of being ignorant and immoral
20

antithesisheroic coupletsiambic pentameterparallelism

A
antithesis
B
heroic couplets
C
iambic pentameter
D
parallelism

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