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Read the first sentences of President Kennedy's Report to the American People.This afternoon, following a series of threats and defiant statements, the presence of Alabama National Guardsmen was required on the University of Alabama to carry out the final and unequivocal order of the United States District Court of the Northern District of Alabama.

A
He relies on his credibility as the president to capture the attention of the audience.
B
He uses parallel structures in his speech to underscore the main points of his argument.
C
He creates a logical foundation of facts on which he can build an emotional appeal later.
D
He uses emotionally charged language so that the audience is immediately emotionally involved.
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Which techniques does President Reagan use in this excerpt? Select four options.

A
pathos
B
ethos
C
shift
D
understatement
E
overstatement
3

Read the two passages.Passage 1Violence in video games is unavoidable. More than half of the top video games contain some element of violence. Does this lead to violence in the real world? Logical people know the answer, and the facts prove it. Between 1994 and 2004, video game sales increased by 204 percent. During that same time period, the arrest rate for juveniles committing violent crimes decreased by 63 percent. These facts make it obvious that video games are not a problem.Passage 2The majority of video games contain violence. Children playing these games leads directly to acts of violence. Several studies, including a 2014 study by the Journal of the American Medical Association, have shown a correlation between persistent video game use and aggressive behavior. While my own children play video games, they do not play games labeled "Mature.” Simply avoiding these games and allowing children to play the thousands of other available games is a logical way to avoid a potential problem.

A
Passage 1 is more effective because passage 2 relies on personal anecdotes as the main evidence.
B
Passage 1 is more effective because it uses overstatement for extra emphasis, and passage 2 does not.
C
Passage 2 is more effective because it contains logical and anecdotal, while passage 1 contains a bandwagon appeal and a false dilemma.
D
Passage 2 is more effective because it presents data as empirical evidence, and passage 1 does not.
4

How does the writer best use evidence to support the claim? Select three options.

A
The writer uses empirical evidence by including specific data about student debt and loans.
B
The writer uses empirical evidence by referring to the amount of money that his daughter and her friends owe in student debt.
C
The writer uses logical evidence by claiming that his daughter owes a significant amount of money.
D
The writer uses logical evidence by explaining a reasonable theory about paychecks being less.
E
The writer uses anecdotal evidence by sharing a personal connection to the student debt problem.
F
The writer uses anecdotal evidence by discussing how his daughter’s debt is more than his was.
5

Read the excerpt from "2000 Buses.”1) A mass meeting they called it,2) The March for Jobs and Freedom3) Equal access, Equal justice,4) For all, and not just some

A
By using parallelism in line 1, the author appeals to the emotion of hope in the reader.
B
By using parallelism in line 2, the author emphasizes the reason for the march.
C
By using parallelism in line 3, the author places importance on the concept of equality.
D
By using parallelism in line 4, the author appeals to the intellect of the reader.
6

Read the excerpt from "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic’s ‘Parsley Massacre’” by Mark Memmott.Passage A:This week, people from around the world are expected to gather in the Dominican Republic for a "Border of Lights” commemoration that aims to "honor a tragedy long forgotten, and unknown to many people.”Passage B:Trujillo, as the Border of Lights website explains, fed and nurtured anti-Haitian sentiment and created an atmosphere that still excludes ethnic Haitians from becoming part of "the Dominican melting pot.”The method his soldiers used in 1937 to try to identify those who would be killed was cruelly unique. When confronting someone in the lands along the border with Haiti, they would hold up a sprig of parsley and ask what it was. If the person responded by trilling the "r” in perejil (Spanish for parsley), he would be free to go. Anyone who didn't trill the "r” was thought to be a Haitian Creole speaker—and was likely to be killed.

A
Memmott uses a specific example to describe Trujillo’s cruelty.
B
Memmott argues that all memories should be commemorated.
C
Memmott explains that the Border of Lights commemoration is an adequate way of honoring victims.
D
Memmott explains that the tragedy is not well known today and then shows why it is worth remembering.
7

Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select three options.

A
Popular novels from the past often ask provocative questions that are important to consider today.
B
Many Americans have given up and say that the nation is no longer great or a land of dreams.
C
John Wayne, nicknamed Duke, was an iconic Hollywood actor and filmmaker.
D
President Reagan believed that John Wayne would argue that he was not the last American hero, because there are many more.
E
Duke Wayne died as a symbol of the Hollywood dream industry.
8

Read the scenario.A pilot is being investigated after an air-traffic accident led to many passengers being injured and hospitalized. Reports about a cover-up by the airline are surfacing, and people have accused the pilot of negligence.The editor-in-chief of the local newspaper has just assigned the story to the most experienced investigative reporter in the newsroom. However, the reporter’s uncle is the pilot being investigated. No one in the newsroom knows about this connection.

A
investigate the claims without revealing that the pilot is her uncle; the fact that he is a relative will not affect her reporting
B
tell the editor-in-chief about her relationship to the pilot, and ask that the story be assigned to another reporter
C
convince the editor-in-chief not to run the story, because the reporter knows that her uncle is a skilled pilot and believes that the allegations are false
D
research and write the article, but have a colleague edit it before it is submitted to make sure there are no signs of bias
9

Which details support Alvarez’s ideas about the situation in her home country? Select two options.

A
“the daughter of Dominicans”
B
“we can’t change the present”
C
“acknowledge what has happened”
D
“on this planet”
E
“that's enough”
10

Read the first paragraph from an article in the local online newspaper.Local businesswoman Inés Garcia-Ruiz is joining the race for the state senate seat that is soon to be vacated by retiring senator Benjamin Hall. A long-time resident of this community, Garcia-Ruiz says that, if she is elected, she will "dive into projects that aid low-income families.” This should be obvious to most constituents because she is well known for her impressive charity work. Time and time again, she has worked tirelessly to improve the lives of those living in poverty in our community.

A
by removing the reference to Garcia-Ruiz being a local businesswoman
B
by removing idioms, such as “dive into” and “time and time again”
C
by eliminating the reference to projects that aid low-income families
D
by eliminating emotional language used to describe the charity work
11

Read the excerpt from a newspaper article.Last night, Fairview police arrested six university students for involvement in an illegal gambling ring. Today, community leaders and university officials are claiming that Professor Shuman, the students’ academic advisor, should also be arrested. Dr. Harris, the department chairperson, reports that Schuman has recently started holding group tutoring sessions in his campus office in the evenings. Video footage from security cameras outside the campus building shows him exiting on several occasions with some of the accused students. Although Shuman denies the gambling ring allegations, he was most likely involved with this illegal activity.

A
by including direct quotations from the professor about his knowledge of the gambling ring
B
by interviewing the department chairman and the professor to get both sides of the story
C
by removing the commentary that the professor is most likely involved in the gambling ring
D
by deleting the department chairman’s and professor’s names from the article
12

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan’s speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election.And many Americans today, just as they did 200 years ago, feel burdened, stifled and sometimes even oppressed by government that has grown too large, too bureaucratic, too wasteful, too unresponsive, too uncaring about people and their problems.

A
He appeals to logos by referring to two hundred years ago.
B
He uses parallelism with the repetition of the word too.
C
He appeals to ethos by showing he cares about Americans.
D
He employs understatement by saying that “many” feel burdened.
13

Read the excerpt from President Kennedy's Report to the American People.Nor is this a partisan issue. In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics. This is not even a legal or legislative issue alone. It is better to settle these matters in the courts than on the streets, and new laws are needed at every level, but law alone cannot make men see right. We are confronted primarily with a moral issue. It is as old as the Scriptures and is as clear as the American Constitution.

A
In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics.
B
This is not even a legal or legislative issue alone.
C
It is better to settle these matters in the courts than on the streets, and new laws are needed at every level, but law alone cannot make men see right.
D
We are confronted primarily with a moral issue.
14

The speech President Kennedy's Report to the American People uses logos, ethos, and pathos, which are

A
historical contexts.
B
inaugural addresses.
C
parallel structures.
D
rhetorical appeals.
15

Read the passage from a debate speech.The current trade situation in this nation is unacceptable. We continue to lose money to other nations, while those nations prosper. I have a detailed plan to get our country—and its people—back on the right track. My opponent, who uses her time to spread lies and rumors while eating nice dinners bought by you taxpayers, does not even have a plan. I question her priorities.

A
The speaker uses anecdotal evidence with phrases like “back on the right track.”
B
The speaker uses a bandwagon statement by complaining that other nations prosper.
C
The speaker uses an ad hominem argument by attacking an opponent’s honesty.
D
The speaker uses a false dilemma by claiming to have the ideal plan.
16

Read this passage from Giovanna's evaluation of an argument claiming that climate change is not affected by human activity.Niemand's article on climate change in the editorial section of today's newspaper offers a weak argument. His reasoning consists of little more than unsubstantiated assertions that climate change is not affected by human activity.In an effective evaluation, which element would follow this statement?

A
a summary of Niemand's claim
B
text evidence from Niemand's argument
C
a restatement of Giovanna's evaluation
D
the name and source of Niemand's article
17

Which sentences would be effective thesis statements for a paragraph evaluating an argument? Select two options.Hollembeak's review of the high school's play is fun and entertaining to read.McArdle reviews the latest production of Hamlet, which sets the play's action in the 21st century.In her editorial, Mellie writes convincingly of the need for high school classes to begin later in the morning.Smith's argument in favor of tuition-free college education offers persuasive reasoning and authoritative evidence.After the flooding in her state, the junior senator offered a heartfelt plan for increasing restrictions on carbon emissions.

A
Hollembeak's review of the high school's play is fun and entertaining to read.
B
McArdle reviews the latest production of Hamlet, which sets the play's action in the 21st century.
C
In her editorial, Mellie writes convincingly of the need for high school classes to begin later in the morning.
D
Smith's argument in favor of tuition-free college education offers persuasive reasoning and authoritative evidence.
E
After the flooding in her state, the junior senator offered a heartfelt plan for increasing restrictions on carbon emissions.
18

Which scenarios are considered ethically acceptable for journalists? Select three options.paying money to attend a conference about climate change in order to do research for an articleaccepting money from a politician to report on an opponent, then donating the money to a charityending an investigation because it may lead to violence and disunity in a local communityinterviewing the CEOs of two insurance companies that are competing against each otherusing information from a wiki page to clarify information about a topic

A
paying money to attend a conference about climate change in order to do research for an article
B
accepting money from a politician to report on an opponent, then donating the money to a charity
C
ending an investigation because it may lead to violence and disunity in a local community
D
interviewing the CEOs of two insurance companies that are competing against each other
E
using information from a wiki page to clarify information about a topic
19

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice” by Julia Alvarez.Passage A:And so, long after we had left, my parents were still living in the dictatorship inside their own heads. Even on American soil, they were afraid of awful consequences if they spoke out or disagreed with authorities. The First Amendment right to free speech meant nothing to them. Silence about anything "political” was the rule in our house.Passage B:My mother, especially, lived in terror of the consequences of living as free citizens. In New York City, before Trujillo was killed, Dominican exiles gathered around the young revolutionary Juan Bosch planning an invasion of the Island. Every time my father attended these meetings, my mother would get hysterical. If the SIM found out about my father's activities, family members remaining behind were likely to be in danger. Even our own family in New York could suffer consequences.

A
Alvarez describes how the SIM’s threats and activities followed her family even in the United States.
B
Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship turned out to be false as the situation in the Dominican Republic improved.
C
Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship affected their thoughts and actions even when they lived in the United States.
D
Alvarez describes how her parents feared the values of free speech and freedom of association.
20

Read the excerpt from Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address.[S]hall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.

A
question listeners’ faith.
B
explain his religious beliefs.
C
encourage positive thinking.
D
describe military action.

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