AnswersNY-Life Science BiologyTerm 2 HillcrestBody Organization

Body Organization — Unit test Answers

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1
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Which speeds up the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP to restart the Calvin Cycle?

A
light energy
B
rubisco
C
3-phosphoglycerate
D
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
2
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3

After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body?

A
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
B
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
C
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
D
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
4

Which events take place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A
Light energy is converted to sugars; sugars are broken down for energy.
B
Light energy is captured by plants; light energy is used to make sugar.
C
Light energy is converted to chemical energy; chemical energy is used to make sugar.
D
Light energy is captured by plants; light energy is converted to chemical energy.
5

Which structure is found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell, but is not found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

A
DNA
B
ribosomes
C
nucleus
D
mitochondria
6

Lewis is exercising and his muscles need oxygen. Which best describes how systems interact to bring his body into homeostasis?

A
The circulatory system brings oxygen to the respiratory system, which delivers oxygen to the muscular system.
B
The respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system, which delivers oxygen to the muscular system.
C
The respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system, which delivers oxygen to the skeletal system.
D
The circulatory system brings oxygen to the respiratory system, which delivers oxygen to the skeletal system.
7

Which statement best distinguishes an observation from an inference?

A
An inference is likely to change based on additional observations.
B
An observation is likely to change based on additional inferences.
C
An observation involves assumptions, but an inference does not.
D
An inference involves the senses, but an observation does not.
8

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a new disease caused by the buildup of waste material in the body’s cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the patient’s cells?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
lysosome
C
ribosome
D
endoplasmic reticulum
9

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules that supply energy to the cell?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
nucleus
C
endoplasmic reticulum
D
mitochondrion
10

A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it has DNA.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it has cytoplasm.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a cell membrane.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts.
11

Neurons and neuroglia work together to form nervous tissue, which is part of the nervous system. Which describes neurons and neuroglia?

A
They are specialized organs that form an organ system.
B
They are organs that form tissue.
C
They are specialized tissues that form an organ system.
D
They are cells that form tissue.
12

A scientist is comparing the outer layer of an onion cell to the outer layer of a human skin cell. What is unique about the outer layer of the onion cell compared to the skin cell?

A
It contains proteins.
B
It contains cellulose.
C
It contains carbohydrates.
D
It is selectively permeable.
13

The data in the table were recorded during an investigation in which a paramecium was placed in a hypertonic salt solution. If this data is shown in a bar graph, which description accurately represents the bars?

Question illustration
A
The graph has five bars of equal height.
B
The bars range from tallest for very high concentration to shortest for very low concentration.
C
The bar for very low concentration is twice the height of the bar for medium concentration.
D
The bar for very high concentration is five times the height of the bar for very low concentration.
14

Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell?

A
cell membrane
B
Golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
15

Which best defines homeostasis?

A
modifying the external environment
B
maintaining a stable internal environment
C
controlling what enters and exits the cell
D
movement of materials into the cell
16

What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle?

A
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
B
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.
C
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
D
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.
17

Once the body has begun shivering, what happens to make it stop shivering?

A
When body temperature returns to normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering.
B
When body temperature returns to normal, the nervous system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
C
When body temperature is below normal, the nervous system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering.
D
When body temperature is below normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
18

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled D, and what is one feature that distinguishes them from the other labeled organelles?

Question illustration
A
chloroplasts; the only organelles that produce sugars from sunlight
B
ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells
C
centrioles; found in animal cells but not plant cells
D
mitochondria; the only energy-generating structures found in cells
19

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?

A
Chloroplasts do not reproduce.
B
Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
C
Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
D
Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
20

In what way are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis similar?

A
Both require chemical energy to proceed.
B
Both occur in the chloroplast.
C
Both produce oxygen as a byproduct.
D
Both involve carbon fixation.

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