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Scientific Inquiry — Unit test Answers

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A teacher gave the lab group shown below an “unsafe practice” warning.What is most likely the basis for the teacher’s warning?

Question illustration
A
None of the students are dressed in appropriate laboratory attire.
B
Two of the students have not tied back their long, loose hair.
C
The lab group has not labeled all the flasks that contain liquid.
D
The opening of the flask is pointed in an unsafe direction.
2
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Most scientists agree that saturated fats contribute to high levels of “bad” cholesterol in a person's blood, while monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats lower this type of cholesterol in a person's blood. The table below shows data about fats in some common foods.Food (14 g)Saturated fat (g)Monounsaturated fat (g)Polyunsaturated fat (g)Canola oil1.08.93.9Margarine1.65.43.4Olive oil1.99.91.4Lard5.05.81.4Butter7.93.70.5Joyce and Linda are identical twins who are 50 years old and enjoy exercising daily. Joyce avoids eating any dairy or animal products and eats granola made with canola oil for breakfast. Linda prefers rich foods, and eats bacon, eggs, and buttered toast each morning. Which statement describes a logical inference that can be made from the provided information?

A
Butter has higher levels of saturated fats in it than canola oil.
B
Linda and Joyce both have high levels of “bad” cholesterol.
C
Butter contains a small amount of polyunsaturated fats.
D
Linda has a higher level of “bad” cholesterol than Joyce.
3

Why have improvements in microscopes over time resulted in revisions in the cell theory?

A
They have revealed new information about cell structure and processes.
B
They have made microscopes easier to use.
C
They have allowed scientists to share pictures of the cells being studied.
D
They have made it possible to confirm what scientists already suspected.
4

All theories are hypotheses, but not all hypotheses are theories. Francis wants to know if a specific hypothesis he is researching is a theory. Which describes how Francis would know the hypothesis is a theory?

A
He could restate the hypothesis as a fact and no longer an explanation.
B
He could determine whether the hypothesis is based on repeated experiments.
C
He could perform the experiment and adjust data to match the desired results.
D
He could design and perform a new controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
5

In double-blind studies neither the test subject or the researcher knows who was given the drug and who was given the control. Why are these studies effective for testing a drug that may elevate mood and relieve feelings of depression?

A
Since there are two symptoms that are affected, a double-blind study is required.
B
Double-blind studies are ways to ensure that only the researcher can figure out who is getting the effective drug.
C
Double-blind studies are the most economical way to gather results from testing on humans.
D
The patients and researchers are not given this information so they cannot be influenced in reporting the effectiveness.
6

A recent encyclopedia entry about dogs cites multiple research papers done by scientists at veterinary schools. According to the article, Labrador retrievers come in two specific breeds: English and American. The English breed is described as stocky and heavy, while the American breed is described as tall and lanky. The article describes current scientific research as showing that males of both breeds usually weigh about 29-41 kg (65-90 lb), and females weigh 25-32 kg (55-70 lb). Coat colors for both breeds come in solid black, yellow, or chocolate. All labs have strong tails and webbed feet, which help them swim. Devon would like to use this information to determine if his new dog is an English or American Labrador retriever. Which best describes the reliability of the information?

A
It is not reliable because only scientists can use scientific information for reference.
B
It is not reliable because it doesn’t talk about how to test and only gives data about the breeds.
C
It is reliable because the article is based on multiple studies done by scientists at multiple veterinary schools.
D
It is reliable because it gives information about both types of Labradors in addition to information about other types of dogs.
7

In late spring, a student began conducting an investigation about the flower preferences of bees. She counted the number of wildflowers in a small plot and created the following table.Plant SpeciesNumber of PlantsDandelion13Indian paintbrush8Queen Anne’s lace20Thistle29She planned to observe the flowers for the next five days for an hour at the same time each afternoon. Then she would plot the data in a multiple line graph to compare the number of bees that visited each flower. Which statement best describes the data in this investigation?

A
The data would be more accurate if she carried out all the observations in one day so weather conditions would be constant.
B
The data would be more valid if she made the observations daily for two months.
C
The data she collected is inaccurate because the investigation is not repeatable.
D
The data she collected cannot be plotted in a line graph because it is qualitative.
8

The scatterplots indicate the population of rabbits in the population over time. The y-axis represents the number of rabbits and the x-axis is time. Which graph most likely represents a rabbit population that found a new, larger habitat, but then eventually experienced an increase in predation?

Question illustration
A
Graph A
B
Graph B
C
Graph C
D
Graph D
9

Lakesha was culturing bacteria. She used aseptic technique to make sure there was no contamination. When she was finished, she used water to clean the surface of her table. She then put the sample in the incubator, removed her gloves, and washed her hands with soap and water. Which error did Lakesha make in her process?

A
A student should not culture bacteria in the lab.
B
Aseptic technique is used for chemical spills.
C
She does not need to wash her hands after culturing bacteria.
D
She should be using a disinfectant on her table, not just water.
10

A student conducted an experiment to test whether talking to plants would help them to grow faster. He set up the following two groups:Group 1: spoken to and hand watered Group 2: not spoken to and watered with sprinklers After three weeks, the plants in Group 1 showed much more growth than those in Group 2. Based on the results of this experiment, which is the best conclusion?

A
They are valid because the student ran a controlled experiment.
B
They are not valid because the student did not control all the variables that can affect plant growth.
C
They are valid because the dependent variable caused a change in the independent variable.
D
They are not valid because the time frame to grow a plant is too short.
11

Which equipment is best to hold and to measure liquids?

A
flask and graduated cylinder
B
scale and ruler
C
caliper and thermometer
D
stopwatch and beaker
12

When analyzing the results of a scientific experiment, Kevin should base his conclusion on

A
the empirical evidence that was collected in other prior experiments.
B
the empirical evidence that is collected during the experiment.
C
the theory that has been accepted through other experiments.
D
the theory that Kevin used to predict what the results would be.
13

A filmmaker wants to depict a realistic dramatization of a scientist making and communicating an important scientific discovery. Which plot description would best depict the methods of discovery and communication that a modern professional scientist uses?

A
The scientist collaborates with others to plan and carry out an experiment and then writes a paper that has a clear conclusion. He submits it to a professional journal for peer review, after which the results are presented publicly.
B
The scientist works with a few other scientists in a secret lab that is sponsored by a large business corporation. When the scientists have results, they contact others in the scientific community to report their results.
C
The scientist works alone in a lab until he makes a dramatic breakthrough and then immediately announces the results through a worldwide press conference.
D
The scientist seeks input and data from a wide range of people of different scientific backgrounds and then publishes all the data and results on the Internet so that all the collaborators can apply it to their individual research.
14

A student does an experiment for a science fair to study whether temperature affects the timing of a cricket’s chirps. The student keeps a cricket in an enclosed box that is heated to different temperatures each day for twelve days. The student records the cricket’s chirps by using a sound-activated microphone so that the timing of the chirps can be measured. The student records the results of the experiment in the table below.Day123456789101112Temperature (ºC)212223242526272829303132Average time between chirps (sec)2.52.62.22.32.01.81.91.81.41.21.51.1Which generalization can be made from the data in the table?

A
The higher the temperature, the fewer chirps there will be in 10 seconds.
B
The chirps occur closer together as the temperature increases.
C
The chirps become farther apart as the temperature increases.
D
There is no relationship between temperature and the time between chirps.
15

What would most likely be included in the “Analysis” section of a lab report?

A
a discussion of any errors in the experimental data
B
a list of the supplies that were used in conducting the experiment
C
suggestions for new experiments based on the results
D
a description of what the dependent and independent variables were
16

Jake and Aisha conducted an experiment together to test the effects of fertilizer runoff on the amount of dissolved oxygen in a lake. They each created a graph from the results. Graph 1: Jake’s Graph Graph 2: Aisha’s GraphJake concluded that the runoff had little effect on the dissolved oxygen levels, and Aisha concluded that the runoff had a major effect on dissolved oxygen levels. What is the most likely reason that Jake and Aisha formed different conclusions?

Question illustration
A
Each person used different references for comparison.
B
Jake recorded the wrong measurements on two days.
C
Aisha converted the units before creating her graph.
D
The students used different ranges for their y axes.
17

A biology class is studying the effect of temperature on the amount of growth of duckweed in an aquarium. What type of data will the class need to collect, and which tools will most likely be used?

A
They will gather qualitative data, using a thermometer and a hand lens.
B
They will gather qualitative data, using a meterstick and a flask.
C
They will gather quantitative data, using a thermometer and a balance.
D
They will gather quantitative data, using a beaker and a timer.
18

Living plants may be valuable additions to science classrooms. Which is the most important safety consideration when planning to grow plants in a classroom?

A
the light required for the plants to grow best
B
the nutrients to feed the plants
C
the composition of the soil in which to grow the plants
D
the structure and chemical properties of the plants
19

Which best describes Internet wikis as a source of scientific information?

A
Wikis are good sources of reliable scientific information.
B
Wikis are written only by experts in their fields.
C
Wikis are always extensively peer reviewed.
D
Wikis are written or edited by anyone.
20

Take a look at the statement below:Fish meal is better than artificial fertilizers.How could this statement be revised to make it a hypothesis?

A
Fish meal is safer than artificial fertilizers, but it does not make plants grow.
B
Fish meal is a better fertilizer than artificial fertilizer because fish meal is natural.
C
Plants that are fertilized with fish meal will grow taller than plants that receive artificial fertilizer.
D
Plants that receive artificial fertilizer will be better than plants that receive fish meal.

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