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Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?

A
A suspect’s mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.
B
A suspect’s mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.
C
A suspect’s nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.
D
A suspect’s nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.
2
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Which type of cells are the least limited in differentiation?

A
adult stem cells
B
embryonic stem cells
C
amniotic fluid stem cells
D
somatic stem cells
3

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?

A
Chloroplasts do not reproduce.
B
Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
C
Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
D
Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
4

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a new disease caused by the buildup of waste material in the body’s cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the patient’s cells?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
lysosome
C
ribosome
D
endoplasmic reticulum
5

Which statement is one component of the cell theory?

A
All living and nonliving things consist of one or more cells.
B
Cells and living organisms are spontaneously created.
C
Cells are the most complex unit of structure and function in living things.
D
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.
6

Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell?

A
cell membrane
B
Golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
7

The data in the table were recorded during an investigation in which a paramecium was placed in a hypertonic salt solution. If this data is shown in a bar graph, which description accurately represents the bars?

Question illustration
A
The graph has five bars of equal height.
B
The bars range from tallest for very high concentration to shortest for very low concentration.
C
The bar for very low concentration is twice the height of the bar for medium concentration.
D
The bar for very high concentration is five times the height of the bar for very low concentration.
8

The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person?

A
a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building
B
a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
C
a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown
D
a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam
9

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules that supply energy to the cell?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
nucleus
C
endoplasmic reticulum
D
mitochondrion
10

Which are characteristics of epithelial cells? Select two options.

A
are unable to be used for secretion of materials
B
main cells of the nervous system
C
found lining many areas that contact the external environment
D
plays a role in protection
E
carry oxygen through the body
F
make up the skeletal muscle
11

A scientist is comparing the outer layer of an onion cell to the outer layer of a human skin cell. What is unique about the outer layer of the onion cell compared to the skin cell?

A
It contains proteins.
B
It contains cellulose.
C
It contains carbohydrates.
D
It is selectively permeable.
12

Which best describes the cell theory?

A
Scientists know all there is to know about cells, so the cell theory will not change.
B
As technological advancements are made, the cell theory may change.
C
A theory, once formulated, cannot be changed.
D
The development of a synthetic cell has caused the cell theory to change.
13

How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?

A
with more contractions
B
with fewer contractions
C
the contractions would suddenly cease
D
with the same frequency of contractions
14

Which best defines homeostasis?

A
modifying the external environment
B
maintaining a stable internal environment
C
controlling what enters and exits the cell
D
movement of materials into the cell
15

A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it has DNA.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it has cytoplasm.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a cell membrane.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts.
16

Which structure is found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell, but is not found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

A
DNA
B
ribosomes
C
nucleus
D
mitochondria
17

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled D, and what is one feature that distinguishes them from the other labeled organelles?

Question illustration
A
chloroplasts; the only organelles that produce sugars from sunlight
B
ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells
C
centrioles; found in animal cells but not plant cells
D
mitochondria; the only energy-generating structures found in cells
18

A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope?

A
electron microscope
B
scanning microscope
C
compound light microscope
D
simple microscope
19

Which is an example of how stem cells are currently being used?

A
for generating healthy cells to form replacement organs like brains
B
for directing differentiation to treat diabetes and arthritis
C
for testing for possible side effects of a new cancer medication
D
for curing heart disease by regenerating damaged heart tissue
20

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionChloroplastStores water and waste materialsCell wallSupports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cellCell membraneBreaks down waste materials and debrisVacuoleProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
chloroplast
B
cell wall
C
cell membrane
D
vacuole

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