AnswersTX-Physics CRFirst Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics — Unit test Answers

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1
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Which best describes a wave?

A
a collision of particles
B
a disturbance that carries energy
C
a movement of fluids
D
a group of electrically charged molecules
2
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Five hundred joules of heat are added to a closed system. The initial internal energy of the system is 87 J, and the final internal energy is 134 J.

A
221 J
B
279 J
C
366 J
D
453 J
3

Rosa pours a cup of boiling water into a pot of room-temperature water. According to the second law of thermodynamics, what will occur?

A
Thermal energy from the room-temperature water will continuously flow to the boiling water.
B
Thermal energy from the room-temperature water will flow to the boiling water until all of the water in the pot is at a single temperature.
C
Thermal energy from the boiling water will continuously flow to the room-temperature water.
D
Thermal energy from the boiling water will flow to the room-temperature water until all of the water in the pot is at a single temperature.
4

A steam turbine is a device in which high-pressure steam enters the turbine and causes blades to spin. The spinning blades have mechanical energy.

A
The turbine absorbs heat, which creates kinetic energy in the system and produces work to turn the blades.
B
The turbine destroys some of the thermal energy in the steam, which generates work and turns the blades.
C
The turbine generates heat from the steam, and some of the heat creates work and turns the blades.
D
Some of the heat used to make the steam is transformed into work as the steam pushes against the blades to make them turn.
5

Which two conditions must exist in order for radiation to occur?

A
the presence of a solid, liquid, or gas and a temperature difference
B
direct contact of molecules and the presence of a solid, liquid, or gas
C
the presence of electromagnetic waves and direct contact of molecules
D
a temperature difference and the presence of electromagnetic waves
6

Water has a specific heat of 4.186 J/g°C. How much heat is required to increase 10.0 g of water from 25.0°C to 30.0°C?

A
5.0 J
B
21 J
C
42 J
D
209 J
7

Three hundred joules of heat are added to a system. The system uses 140 joules to do work.

A
140 J
B
160 J
C
240 J
D
440 J
8

Which best compares kinetic energy and temperature?

A
Kinetic energy is energy of motion, while temperature is a measure of that energy in substances.
B
Temperature is energy of motion, while kinetic energy is a measure of that energy in substances.
C
Kinetic energy is internal transferable energy, while temperature is a measure of that energy in substances.
D
Temperature is internal transferable energy, while kinetic energy is a measure of that energy in substances.
9

Which is an example of convection?

A
In a mountain forest, the sun heats up the ground.
B
On a hot day, Amaya pours water on her face to cool off.
C
At the beach, Stephan’s feet get hot walking across the sand.
D
Above the sea, warm air rises, cools, and sinks.
10

The diagram shows the movement of air as a result of convection currents.

Question illustration
A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
11

Nya has a cup of hot tea that she lets cool down for several minutes. What effect does cooling have on the tea?

A
Its particles have less kinetic energy.
B
Its particles have more kinetic energy.
C
Its specific heat increases.
D
Its specific heat decreases.
12

Sienna made a chart listing the steps that describe how a four-stroke heat engine operates.Which best describes Sienna’s error?

Question illustration
A
The descriptions for intake and ignition should be switched with one another.
B
During compression, temperature does not increase, it decreases.
C
Compression happens before ignition, so it should be step 2.
D
The piston moves down, not up, during the exhaust step.
13

Suppose the spark plug on a heat engine is not functioning properly. Which statement best explains how this will affect the engine?

A
The temperature of the gas will not increase during the compression stage.
B
Burned gases will not be released into the surrounding air.
C
The fuel-air mixture will not be able to enter the cylinder.
D
Combustion and subsequent gas expansion will not occur.
14

Dierdra began writing a summary of the relationship between the first and second laws of thermodynamics.Thermal energy in a system is conserved and can increase the system’s internal energy and/or be used to do work.

A
Thermal energy moves from cooler objects to warmer objects
B
Thermal energy moves from warmer objects to cooler objects.
C
Thermal energy is destroyed when it leaves the system.
D
Thermal energy is created when it enters the system.
15

[BLANK]

A
transferred
B
changed
C
created
D
measured
16

The diagram shows a heat engine.

Question illustration
A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
17

A system uses 49 J of energy to do work, and the change in internal energy is 58 J. How much heat was added to the system?

A
9 J
B
97 J
C
107 J
D
117 J
18

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics as compared to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
The first law describes how thermal energy is conserved but not the direction it moves.
B
The first law describes the direction thermal energy moves but not how it is conserved.
C
The first law describes how thermal energy can be created but not how it can be destroyed.
D
The first law describes how thermal energy can be destroyed but not how it can be created.
19

It requires 2,500 joules to raise a certain amount of water (c = 4.186 J/g°C) from 20.0°C to 60.0°C.

A
15 g
B
40 g
C
63 g
D
80 g
20

When the kinetic energy of particles in a substance decreases, what also decreases?

A
The size of the particles in the substance.
B
The number of particles in the substance.
C
The substance’s specific heat.
D
The substance’s temperature.

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