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Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan’s speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election.And many Americans today, just as they did 200 years ago, feel burdened, stifled and sometimes even oppressed by government that has grown too large, too bureaucratic, too wasteful, too unresponsive, too uncaring about people and their problems.

A
He appeals to logos by referring to two hundred years ago.
B
He uses parallelism with the repetition of the word too.
C
He appeals to ethos by showing he cares about Americans.
D
He employs understatement by saying that “many” feel burdened.
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Which techniques does President Reagan use in this excerpt? Select four options.

A
pathos
B
ethos
C
shift
D
understatement
E
overstatement
4

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" a speech given by Sojourner Truth, a formerly enslaved person, in 1851.Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.

A
gratitude.
B
triumph.
C
acceptance.
D
frustration.
5

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.I also hope that by raising the question today of what difference having more Latinos and Latinas on the bench will make will start your own evaluation. For people of color and women lawyers, what does and should being an ethnic minority mean in your lawyering? For men lawyers, what areas in your experiences and attitudes do you need to work on to make you capable of reaching those great moments of enlightenment which other men in different circumstances have been able to reach? For all of us, how do [we] change the facts that in every task force study of gender and race bias in the courts, women and people of color, lawyers and judges alike, report in significantly higher percentages than white men that their gender and race has shaped their careers, from hiring, retention to promotion, and that a statistically significant number of women and minority lawyers and judges, both alike, have experienced bias in the courtroom?

A
Sotomayor is creating a tone of confusion that will challenge the audience to ask their own questions.
B
Sotomayor develops a structure of repetition so the audience is better able to answer the questions.
C
Sotomayor wants the audience to learn how to deliver a powerful speech on diversity in the courtroom.
D
Sotomayor wants the audience to pose serious questions of their own about diversity on the bench.
6

Which elements does a strong argumentative essay always contain? Select two options.

A
anecdote
B
claim
C
comparison
D
effect
E
evidence
7

The term pathos is best defined as

A
an appeal to emotions.
B
the use of changes in tone.
C
an appeal to character.
D
the use of exaggeration.
8

Which transitional words or phrases best fit in the blank? Select two options.

A
As a result,
B
Because
C
In conclusion,
D
Similarly,
E
To summarize,
9

Maddie is writing a rebuttal to the counterclaim that protecting people by refusing certain groups membership on social media sites violates Americans' First Amendment right to free speech. Read her rebuttal.(1) Social media is widely used by people of all ages, including children and adolescents. (2) Children and adolescents are still shaping their understanding of the world, making them vulnerable. (3) Social media provides a platform on which extremist groups can exploit that vulnerability. (4) It is unconscionable to expose young people to potential harm for purely philosophical reasons.

A
sentence 1 because it is not supported by evidence
B
sentence 2 because it is unfair
C
sentence 3 because it does not relate to the topic
D
sentence 4 because it is not objective
10

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan’s speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election.I believe we can embark on a new age of reform in this country and an era of national renewal. An era that will reorder the relationship between citizen and government, that will make government again responsive to people, that will revitalize the values of family, work, and neighborhood and that will restore our private and independent social institutions.

A
fear.
B
hope.
C
anger.
D
pride.
11

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.If I had pursued my career in my undergraduate history major, I would likely provide you with a very academic description of what being a Latino or Latina means. For example, I could define Latinos as those peoples and cultures populated or colonized by Spain who maintained or adopted Spanish or Spanish Creole as their language of communication. You can tell that I have been very well educated. That antiseptic description, however, does not really explain the appeal of morcilla—pig’s intestine—to an American-born child. It does not provide an adequate explanation of why individuals like us, many of whom are born in this completely different American culture, still identify so strongly with those communities in which our parents were born and raised.

A
Sotomayor brings the audience's attention to the uniqueness of her culture.
B
Sotomayor creates a mood of sadness to emphasize the loss of her culture.
C
Sotomayor establishes herself as being educated in culinary arts.
D
Sotomayor forces the audience to consider the benefits of a vegan lifestyle.
12

Read the counterclaim from an argumentative essay.Bob Dylan's lyrics are just as effective without musical accompaniment.

A
Only die-hard fans and the uninformed would argue that Bob Dylan's lyrics are literature.
B
It is impossible to separate song lyrics from the music that accompanies them.
C
Song lyrics are no better than childish nonsense without the music that accompanies them.
D
Dylan has written many enduring songs and received many awards for his musical achievements.
13

Read the excerpt from a speech by the class president petitioning the principal to build a new stadium.Our stadium is crumbling, and the effects have been felt for generations! If we built a new stadium, our community would benefit, and millions would flock to town for the home games. Profits would soar, as local businesses would be flooded with new clients on game nights. And your legacy as the best principal ever would be established for all to see.

A
appeal
B
overstatement
C
parallelism
D
shift
14

Read the claim from an argumentative essay.Bob Dylan should not have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

A
Only die-hard fans would argue that Bob Dylan's song lyrics are literature.
B
The committee may have chosen Dylan in order to make the Nobel Prize relevant to the 21st century.
C
Bob Dylan has written many enduring songs and received many awards for his musical achievements.
D
Dylan's lyrics have had an enduring impact on people around the world, but they are not poetry nor prose.
15

Read the claim from Dan DeLuca's editorial "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry."Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes.

A
"The Swedish Academy's decision to honor Dylan set off an online debate."
B
"Salman Rushdie, a Nobel candidate himself, called Dylan ‘the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition.’"
C
"Dylan is of course enormously influential."
D
"The Nobel is given for a body of work."
16

Which rhetorical techniques does the speaker use in this excerpt? Select three options.

A
ethos
B
shift
C
pathos
D
parallelism
E
understatement
17

Paco's teacher has asked him to add a transition in the introduction to his argumentative essay in favor of abolishing tuition at public colleges.(1) Today, even many blue-collar, retail, and clerical jobs require applicants to have a college degree. (2) _____, going to college—even a public college—is becoming more and more expensive. (3) What's a student with little money to do? (4) The only way to make higher education accessible to students with low incomes is to abolish tuition at public colleges.

A
Additionally
B
Although
C
Similarly
D
However
18

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.Let us not forget that between the appointments of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in 1981 and Justice Ginsburg in 1992, eleven years passed. Similarly, between Justice Kaye's initial appointment as an Associate Judge to the New York Court of Appeals in 1983, and Justice Ciparick’s appointment in 1993, ten years elapsed. Almost nine years later, we are waiting for a third appointment of a woman to both the Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals and of a second minority, male or female, preferably Hispanic, to the Supreme Court. In 1992 when I joined the bench, there were still two out of 13 circuit courts and about 53 out of 92 district courts in which no women sat. At the beginning of September of 2001, there are women sitting in all 13 circuit courts. The First, Fifth, Eighth and Federal Circuits each have only one female judge, however, out of a combined total number of 48 judges. There are still nearly 37 district courts with no women judges at all. For women of color the statistics are more sobering. As of September 20, 1998, of the then 195 circuit court judges, only two were African-American women and two Hispanic women. Of the 641 district court judges, only twelve were African-American women and eleven Hispanic women. African-American women comprise only 1.56% of the federal judiciary and Hispanic-American women comprise only 1%. No African-American, male or female, sits today on the Fourth or Federal circuits. And no Hispanics, male or female, sit on the Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, District of Columbia or Federal Circuits.Sort of shocking, isn't it? This is the year 2002. We have a long way to go. Unfortunately, there are some very deep storm warnings we must keep in mind. In at least the last five years the majority of nominated judges the Senate delayed more than one year before confirming or never confirming were women or minorities. I need not remind this audience that Judge Paez of your home Circuit, the Ninth Circuit, has had the dubious distinction of having had his confirmation delayed the longest in Senate history. These figures demonstrate that there is a real and continuing need for Latino and Latina organizations and community groups throughout the country to exist and to continue their efforts of promoting women and men of all colors in their pursuit for equality in the judicial system.

A
parallelism.
B
overstatement.
C
ethos.
D
shift.
19

Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

A
Many people want a designer dog from a boutique.
B
Animals bred through pet shops suffer health problems.
C
People need to adopt animals instead of going to pet shops.
D
Many people have a warm home and like animals.
E
More people need to decide to have pets in their homes.
20

Read the excerpt from Frederick Douglass's July 4, 1852, speech on the hypocrisy of American slavery. Douglass was an abolitionist and a formerly enslaved person.Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future.

A
They suggest the speaker’s belief that the future holds hope.
B
They present a tone of solidarity with America's actions.
C
They show the speaker’s disgust over slavery.
D
They show the speaker's admiration for America.
21

Sanjay is writing a rebuttal to this counterclaim.Teachers should not assign a heavy homework load because many high school students have jobs and their share of household chores.

A
Even though students may work or help out at home, it is impossible to learn in today's overcrowded classrooms. People who say there should not be any homework need to be realistic and accept facts.
B
It is true that some students work and help out at home. However, there are many others who do not, and these students are even more likely to leave their homework undone.
C
I am a high school student who manages to work, take care of my little brother, and keep up with my homework, too. If I can do this, there is no reason others cannot do it, too.
D
It is true that students often work and do household chores, but managing homework in addition to other responsibilities helps students learn to organize their time efficiently and prioritize their studies.

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