AnswersAZ-Earth and Space Science BUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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1
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What statement is accurate based on the study of tree rings?

A
Trees near the arctic will have thicker rings than those near the equator.
B
Trees with a pattern of thin rings indicate a wet, warm climate.
C
Size and density of tree rings can give information on past climates.
D
The number of rings indicate how much fruit the tree can bear.
2
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Which substance is a greenhouse gas that is emitted by human activities, is the most widespread, and remains in the air the longest?

A
water vapor
B
methane
C
fluorinated gas
D
carbon dioxide
3

During the entire month of June, temperatures increase in the Northern Hemisphere and decrease in the Southern Hemisphere.What causes these temperature changes?

A
The Sun reaches its lowest point in the sky.
B
The Sun reaches its highest point in the sky.
C
The north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the Sun.
D
The south end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the Sun.
4

What occurs when the Northern Hemisphere experiences spring and the Southern Hemisphere experiences fall?

A
The Sun is directly overhead in the Northern Hemisphere.
B
The Southern Hemisphere receives more direct rays from the Sun.
C
The Northern and Southern Hemispheres get the same amount of energy from the Sun.
D
The Northern Hemisphere receives more daylight hours than the Southern Hemisphere.
5

How do scientists use ice to study ancient climates?

A
through glacial deposits and ice cores
B
through glacial deposits and ice ages
C
through ice cores and Earth’s ellipse
D
through Earth’s ellipse and ice ages
6

How does La Niña affect the climate of the Pacific Ocean?

A
The ocean becomes cooler.
B
The warm water moves toward the east.
C
The cold water sinks deeper into the ocean.
D
The strength of the prevailing winds decreases.
7

Which substance may lower air temperatures after a volcanic eruption?

A
lava
B
sulfur dioxide
C
carbon dioxide
D
water vapor
8

What happens when volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?

A
The climate gets warmer.
B
The climate gets cooler.
C
Winter becomes longer.
D
Summer becomes longer.
9

Which correctly lists three greenhouse gases?

A
oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium
B
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane
C
helium, methane, oxygen
D
methane, oxygen, carbon dioxide
10

Which factors are causes of short-term climate change?

A
changes in wind and ocean currents
B
an increase of thunderstorms and rain
C
changes in daily wind shifts and snowfall
D
an increase of hurricanes and volcanic eruptions
11

Which statement describes the impact of ocean currents on climate?

A
Ocean currents create changes in the temperature of air over land masses.
B
Ocean currents cause the temperature of air over large bodies of water to change.
C
Ocean currents move cold water from the equator to the poles, creating cool weather regions.
D
Ocean currents carry warm water from the poles to the equator to create warm weather regions.
12

Why does a coastal area have less variation in temperature than a noncoastal area?

A
Temperatures feel cool all year round due to the duration of daylight.
B
Temperatures change from warm to cool depending on the season.
C
The temperatures on land change more rapidly than temperatures on water.
D
The air is warm because warm water moves from the equator to the poles.
13

What climate condition occurs during El Niño?

A
dry heat throughout North America
B
warm water moving toward the coast of South America
C
heavy rain moving toward the coast of South America
D
flooding throughout North America
14

Riley lives near a polar zone, where it is cold. He visits his friend Thalia, who lives in a tropical zone, where it is warm all year. They live at similar elevations, and neither lives in a coastal area.What causes the differences in climate where Riley and Thalia live?

A
altitude
B
latitude
C
ocean currents
D
a large body of water
15

What should scientists consider when studying tree rings to understand the variations in the local climate?

A
patterns in their width, their density, and their composition
B
odor from the wood, patterns in their width, and their density
C
their composition, odor from the wood, and patterns in their width
D
their density, composition, and location
16

Which describes how prevailing winds affect precipitation in a region?

A
Prevailing winds force cool, moist air from oceans to rise.
B
Prevailing winds blow in the opposite direction as normal winds.
C
Prevailing winds cause huge air masses, both warm and cool, to move.
D
Prevailing winds that move over land usually cause the most precipitation.
17

What are sunspots?

A
storms on Earth’s surface
B
storms on the Sun’s surface
C
hot gases on the Sun
D
holes in the Sun
18

What is a fossil?

A
the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock
B
a large body of compacted ice formed over thousands of years
C
the energy radiated from the Sun
D
a change in the structure of Earth's surface
19

Which played a major role in altering wind patterns and ocean currents?

A
volcanic eruptions
B
ice ages
C
movement of continents
D
solar flares
20

Which greenhouse gas is produced by commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems?

A
carbon dioxide
B
fluorinated gas
C
nitrous oxide
D
methane

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