Answers350CR Integrated ScienceStates of Matter

States of Matter — Unit test Answers

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If a substance containing neutral atoms can be compressed a lot so that the atoms move closer together and the space between them decreases substantially, the substance is most likely a

A
gas.
B
solid.
C
liquid.
D
plasma.
6
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Which formula can be used to solve problems related to the first law of thermodynamics?

A
Q = W + U
Option A
B
Q = U – W
Option B
C
Q = U + W
Option C
D
Q = U – W
Option D
7

Convection can occur in which two substances?

A
wood and air
B
ice and wood
C
water and ice
D
air and water
8

Which feature of a heating curve indicates a change of state?

A
an upward sloping line
B
a downward sloping line
C
a horizontal line
D
a curved line
9

Water has a specific heat of 4.186 J/g°C, and ethanol has a specific heat of 2.450 J/g°C. Based on this information, which best compares water and ethanol?

A
It requires more heat to raise the temperature of a gram of ethanol by 1°C.
B
There are more molecules in a gram of water.
C
Ethanol has a lower formula mass.
D
Water has more protons and neutrons in its nuclei.
10

When atoms get more and more energy, they can ionize. What can happen to a gas as more energy is added to its atoms?

A
As the atoms move faster, the gas can change into a plasma.
B
As the atoms move slower, the gas can change into a liquid.
C
As the atoms move faster, the gas can change into a liquid.
D
As the atoms move slower, the gas can change into a plasma.
11

Three hundred joules of heat are added to a system. The system uses 140 joules to do work.

A
140 J
B
160 J
C
240 J
D
440 J
12

In the formulas for latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization, what does Q represent?

A
the amount of heat released or absorbed by a substance
B
the mass of a substance
C
the amount of a substance that changes state
D
the temperature of a substance
13

What change of state occurs during vaporization?

A
liquid to gas
B
gas to liquid
C
solid to liquid
D
liquid to solid
14

A system uses 49 J of energy to do work, and the change in internal energy is 58 J. How much heat was added to the system?

A
9 J
B
97 J
C
107 J
D
117 J
15

Suppose the spark plug on a heat engine is not functioning properly. Which statement best explains how this will affect the engine?

A
The temperature of the gas will not increase during the compression stage.
B
Burned gases will not be released into the surrounding air.
C
The fuel-air mixture will not be able to enter the cylinder.
D
Combustion and subsequent gas expansion will not occur.
16

If a substance containing charged ions and electrons can be compressed so that the particles have less space between them, the substance is a

A
gas.
B
plasma.
C
solid.
D
liquid.
17

The diagram shows a heating curve for water.

Question illustration
A
V-W
B
W-V
C
W-X
D
X-W
18

Five hundred joules of heat are added to a closed system. The initial internal energy of the system is 87 J, and the final internal energy is 134 J.

A
221 J
B
279 J
C
366 J
D
453 J
19

[BLANK]

A
fluids
B
waves
C
electricity
D
charges
20

In an adiabatic process, the greater the compression of a gas, the greater the pressure of that gas. Based on this information, which graph best shows the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas?

A
A graph with temperature on the x axis and pressure on the y axis. The graph is a diagonal line from the origin with a slope of 1.
Option A
B
A graph with temperature on the x axis in Kelvin and pressure on the y axis. The graph is an inverse relationship.
Option B
C
A graph with temperature on the x axis in Kelvin and pressure on the y axis. The graph is a horizontal line.
Option C
D
A graph with temperature on the x axis in Kelvin and pressure on the y axis. The graph is a vertical line.
Option D
21

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics as compared to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
The first law describes how thermal energy is conserved but not the direction it moves.
B
The first law describes the direction thermal energy moves but not how it is conserved.
C
The first law describes how thermal energy can be created but not how it can be destroyed.
D
The first law describes how thermal energy can be destroyed but not how it can be created.
22

Thermal energy from the Sun travels to Earth by

A
conduction.
B
charged molecules.
C
electromagnetic waves.
D
convection currents.
23

Latent heat of fusion refers to which changes of state?

A
liquid to solid or solid to gas
B
solid to gas or gas to liquid
C
solid to liquid or liquid to solid
D
gas to liquid or liquid to gas
24

Study the heating curve shown.

Question illustration
A
At segment T-U, the substance changes from a liquid to a gas and does not change temperature.
B
At segment T-U, the substance changes from a gas to a liquid and changes temperature.
C
At segment Q-R, the substance releases heat and increases in temperature.
D
At segment Q-R, the substance absorbs heat and decreases in temperature.

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