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Read the excerpt from "The Rosetta Stone.”Egyptian scripts were replaced with Coptic, which included six demotic characters. In the ninth century, Arab scholar Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn-Wahshiyah was able to partly decipher the hieroglyphs by comparing them to Coptic. But in the eleventh century, it too was replaced, by Arabic. The link was once again severed. For centuries, Western scholars tried to decipher the hieroglyphs, with little success. They were working under a false hypothesis, that the hieroglyphs were pictograms, with each symbol representing an object or an idea.

A
After Coptic became the prominent script, it was replaced by Arabic, which resulted in breaking society’s connection to ancient times.
B
For many centuries, people who spoke a variety of different languages tried to figure out the meaning of hieroglyphs.
C
Hieroglyphs are letters, not symbols representing a whole idea, which many scholars throughout history were not aware of.
D
For a long time, scholars from different places tried to figure out the meaning of hieroglyphs, but they mistakenly believed each hieroglyph was a symbol.
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Which excerpt from "Code Talkers” best illustrates that the Navajo code talkers were quick-thinking and precise?

A
The code was comprised of two components. First, Navajo words were chosen to represent specific, frequently used military terms for which there was no direct equivalent in the Navajo language.
B
During the famous battle of Iwo Jima, six Navajo code talkers operated continuously, transmitting each message without a single mistake.
C
The code talkers’ work has also been recognized in popular culture. The movie Windtalkers and the novel Code Talker both offer fictional accounts of the code talkers’ experiences.
D
Although American Indian soldiers had effectively used their languages to create and transmit secret messages during World War I, military leaders were reluctant to use the code a second time, fearing that it would no longer be effective.
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Which words and phrases from this excerpt help create a tone of admiration? Select 3 options.

A
highly valuable
B
developed
C
native languages
D
courageous
E
critical role
F
military code
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The author of "Code Talkers” supports the idea that the code talkers were essential to America’s war effort by

A
illustrating why the code talkers chose to help the US by creating a code.
B
highlighting the complexity of the Navajo language the code talkers used.
C
highlighting the bravery of the soldiers the code talkers worked with.
D
illustrating how the code talkers provided a specific service in a major battle.
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Read the excerpt from "Code Talkers.”The use of Navajo code was so successful that its existence was kept secret until 1968 so that the Marines could continue to use it, if necessary. Two decades later, many of the code talkers were recognized for their service. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan declared August 14 Navajo Code Talkers Day, and in 2000 President Bill Clinton awarded the Congressional Medal to the first twenty-nine code talkers. In the years since, code talkers from the Navajo and thirty-two other American Indian tribes have been awarded the medal.

A
entertain readers with a story about how code talkers received medals for their service during wartime.
B
inform readers that the code talkers were recognized by the US government for their critical work during wartime.
C
educate readers about the history of US presidents and holidays created to honor groups like the code talkers.
D
persuade readers that they should learn to create code so they can be recognized by the US government.

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