AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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1
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The graph shows the number of calories that two people burn while they perform various exercises for one hour each.Which conclusion is supported by the graph?

Question illustration
A
The 200-pound person burns more calories per hour doing aerobics than doing any other exercise shown.
B
The 160-pound person burns about 50 calories per mile while jogging.
C
The 200-pound person would need to play volleyball for three hours to burn the same number of calories as he burns in one hour of basketball.
D
The 160-pound person burns about twice as many calories jogging as she does walking.
2
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If a runner is doing vigorous exercise, which results from the anaerobic cellular process?

A
accumulation of lactic acid
B
accumulation of oxygen
C
depletion of ethanol
D
depletion of carbon dioxide
3

Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A
lactic acid formation
B
acetyl CoA formation
C
electron transport
D
Krebs cycle
4

Which statement correctly compares the body’s energy storage molecules?

A
Glycogen is the body’s main source of energy, but lipids contain most of the body’s stored energy.
B
Glycogen is the body’s main source of energy, but proteins contain most of the body’s stored energy.
C
Lipids are the body’s main source of energy, but glycogen contains most of the body’s stored energy.
D
Proteins are the body’s main source of energy, but lipids contain most of the body’s stored energy.
5

During which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced?

A
Krebs cycle
B
glycolysis
C
photosynthesis
D
electron transport chain
6

Which statement explains how ATP and its phosphate groups are related to the energy that is used in plant processes?

A
ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars.
B
ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars.
C
ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP; this process instantly releases energy for making sugars.
D
ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP; this process results from sugar production.
7

During gym class, Raul walks briskly for a half hour. Jenna decides to sprint and run the bleachers for the same amount of time. Which statement best compares the cellular processes occurring in each student during this time?

A
Jenna’s cells are producing more lactic acid than Raul’s cells.
B
Raul’s cells are producing more lactic acid than Jenna’s cells.
C
Jenna’s cells are using more protein than Raul’s cells.
D
Raul’s cells are using more glycogen than Jenna’s cells.
8

During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules. What happens to the hydrogen ions that are split from the water molecules?

A
They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.
B
They build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart ATP molecules.
C
They build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create ATP.
D
They flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart ATP.
9

What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle?

A
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
B
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.
C
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
D
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.
10

After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body?

A
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
B
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
C
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
D
Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.
11

Cells use different processes at different times to provide an organism with the energy that it needs. Spirulina is an autotrophic bacteria that can be found in freshwater and marine environments. Which process takes place in the cells of Spirulina that does not occur in the cells of a human?

A
photosynthesis
B
aerobic respiration
C
anaerobic respiration
D
cellular respiration
12

Which statement correctly compares and contrasts the three stages of cellular respiration that occur in the presence of oxygen?

A
Each stage occurs in the mitochondria, but only the final stage produces ATP.
B
Each stage produces ATP, but only the third stage occurs in the mitochondria.
C
Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm.
D
Each stage occurs in the cytoplasm, but only the final stage produces ATP.
13

Eugene is running and needs more energy. He drinks a sports drink with sugar, but that sugar needs to be converted to another substance containing chemical energy for his leg muscles to be able to use it. Which process will convert the sugar to energy that his cells can use?

A
cellular respiration
B
photosynthesis
C
breathing
D
energy storage
14

After exercising, Theo is aware that anaerobic respiration occurred in his body because his muscles ache. Which substance caused his muscles to feel sore?

A
lactic acid
B
glucose
C
carbon dioxide
D
glycogen
15

What role does cellular respiration play in the water cycle?

A
It removes H2O from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
B
It removes H2O from the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
C
It releases H2O to the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.
D
It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.
16

Which conversion is controlled by insulin?

A
glucose to ATP
B
glucose to glycogen
C
glycogen to glucose
D
glycogen to lactic acid
17

Organisms use different processes to obtain the energy that they need to perform cellular functions. Which is used as an energy source by polar bears and orange trees?

Question illustration
A
sunlight
B
glucose
C
glycogen
D
starch
18

Which statement is true for both plants and animals?

A
Plants and animals both use sunlight to generate ATP for energy.
B
Plants and animals both form ADP in the Calvin cycle.
C
Plants and animals both need to consume sugar to store energy.
D
Plants and animals both break a phosphate bond of ATP to release energy.
19

ATP is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Which is the order of the steps of cellular respiration?

A
Krebs cycle ® Calvin cycle ® electron transport chain
B
electron transport chain ® Krebs cycle ® glycolysis
C
glycolysis ® Krebs cycle ® electron transport chain
D
Calvin cycle ® electron transport chain ® glycolysis
20

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to

A
chloroplasts.
B
glucose.
C
mitochondria.
D
lactic acid.

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