AnswersFL-2109310-World History Sem 1 - FlexNew Economic Theories

New Economic Theories — Unit test Answers

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1
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The shift toward mass production affected consumers by

A
making goods less expensive.
B
creating a greater variety of goods.
C
creating fewer luxury goods.
D
making goods that lasted longer.
2
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Adam Smith believed that fair prices for goods are determined in a capitalist system

A
through competition between businesses.
B
by government regulation of businesses.
C
by setting limits on imports and exports.
D
through competition between consumers.
3

According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a

A
communist revolution.
B
socialist revolution.
C
capitalist revolution.
D
utopian revolution.
4

The most important result of the Second Industrial Revolution was

A
depleting natural resources.
B
creating business empires.
C
turning the United States into a world economic power.
D
creating problems for labor, such as long hours.
5

What two principles form the basis for capitalism?

A
private ownership and equal wealth
B
free markets and shared property
C
private ownership and free markets
D
free markets and government oversight
6

In terms of production, what best describes the difference between capitalism and socialism?

A
Capitalism is a system in which goods are made by private businesses, but socialism stresses government control over production.
B
Capitalism is a system in which the government controls production, but socialism stresses production by private businesses.
C
Capitalism is a system in which people pursue their own self-interests, but socialism stresses an equal distribution of wealth.
D
Capitalism is a system in which government should “plan” the economy, but socialism stresses that free market dictates production.
7

During the Agricultural Revolution, what was the main advantage of tenant farming rather than moving to the city for work?

A
Tenant farmers could use a skill they already had rather than starting over.
B
The future lay in farming instead of in the types of jobs people could find in cities.
C
Landowners gave tenant farmers large plots of land for their personal use.
D
Tenant farmers managed other workers but did not have to do manual labor.
8

What started the modern Agricultural Revolution?

A
new types of crops
B
improved farming methods
C
greater demand for food
D
more fertile soil
9

What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?

A
as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions
B
for a social group and to protect themselves from poor work conditions
C
for a social group and to strike if they didn’t get what they wanted
D
as a form of social protest and to strike if they didn’t get what they wanted
10

[BLANK]

A
agriculture
B
machinery
C
textiles
D
transportation
11

In order to stop the spread of industrial technology, Britain

A
closed companies suspected of sharing secrets.
B
penalized companies harshly for any hint of a leak.
C
searched for spies in all industrial and manufacturing companies.
D
forbade mechanics, engineers, and others from leaving the country.
12

Early in the Industrial Revolution, factory owners employed many

A
women.
B
children.
C
miners.
D
artisans.
13

The graph shows the percentage of children in British mining and textile industries.

Question illustration
A
textile factories employed more children during the mid-1800s.
B
textile factories had safe working conditions for children.
C
textile factories offered good pay and shorter hours to children.
D
textile factories hired older and more capable children.
14

Industrialization gave workers shorter working hours and time off on weekends, which allowed for

A
more jobs per person.
B
lower salaries.
C
fewer sick days.
D
more leisure time.
15

Why were factory conditions so bad at the start of the Industrial Revolution?

A
Factory owners wanted to maximize profits.
B
Laws were not in place to protect workers.
C
There was too much work and too few workers.
D
Workers were used to poor conditions.
16

What was the main reason for poor living conditions in cities?

A
Cities didn’t care about the welfare of new workers.
B
New workers could not adapt to living in city buildings.
C
New workers did not clean up after themselves.
D
Cities were not prepared for so many new workers.
17

Karl Marx developed the economic theory of

A
socialism.
B
capitalism.
C
utopianism.
D
communism.
18

What is the most likely reason the Agricultural Revolution caused a population increase?

A
Wealthy landowners could afford to have many children.
B
More and better food allowed people to be healthy and well fed.
C
Tenant farmers were able to settle down and have families.
D
Many people moved to cities in search of jobs.
19

What is industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie most known for?

A
mechanizing every stage of textile production
B
contributions in steel manufacturing
C
founding one of the world’s first modern research laboratories
D
patenting more than one thousand inventions
20

What factor would have most likely prevented the problems that cities faced during urbanization?

A
an effort to modernize rural farming
B
a slower transition to industrialization
C
more affordable housing for workers
D
mandatory health tests for workers

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