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Evolutionary Relationships — Unit test Answers

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The picture shows the skull of an extinct aquatic animal and the skull of a present-day gray whale. Further testing of the skulls suggests that the extinct animal is an ancestor of the gray whale.

Question illustration
A
by showing that all populations can adapt and survive
B
by showing that only some organisms have common ancestors
C
by showing that populations change slowly over time
D
by showing that species can rapidly become extinct
2
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Which is a feature of a cladogram?

A
The characteristics must be shared among the organisms.
B
The characteristics must be different among the organisms.
C
It must contain at least three different shared characteristics.
D
It must contain at least three different groups of organisms.
3

Geralda is listing all the conditions under which natural selection occurs. So far, she has listed:The environment changes.Organisms in a population have different traits.Which other condition should she include in her list?

A
All organisms in the population adapt and reproduce.
B
The environment returns to normal after some time.
C
The environment can support only new organisms.
D
Only some of the organisms survive and reproduce.
4

The image shows two siblings with their grandparents.

Question illustration
A
The siblings are more closely related to each other than they are to their grandparents.
B
Each sibling is more closely related to the grandparents than to the other sibling.
C
The grandparents do not have any shared characteristics in common with the siblings.
D
The grandparents do not have any shared characteristics with one another.
5

A scientist observes fossil evidence that leads her to believe that certain organisms have a common ancestor.Which observation most likely led to this conclusion?

A
She observed older fossils that contained many of the same minerals as the newer ones.
B
She found skeletons of modern organisms in the same area as fossilized organisms.
C
She observed a fossil with skeletal structures similar to certain modern organisms.
D
She found several fossils in rock layers directly below other fossils of similar size.
6

Kelli drew a diagram to compare cast and imprint fossils.

Question illustration
A
Involves minerals replacing remains of organism
B
Takes millions of years to form
C
Gives evidence of organism's activity
D
Involves mold filling with minerals and sediment
7

Antoine drew a diagram to compare two kinds of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

Question illustration
A
no longer used by species
B
links different species to a common ancestor
C
evidence of adaptations to similar environments
D
part of comparative anatomy studies
8

Which has been observed in the study of embryology?

A
Species whose embryos have similar traits rarely have a common ancestor.
B
Species whose embryos have similar traits always have similar body forms as adults.
C
All traits present in early embryos remain throughout development.
D
Some traits in certain embryos disappear as the embryo develops.
9

There are green and red bugs living in an area. As a result of an environmental change, birds that live in the same area grow in numbers. These birds eat the bugs, and they prefer the taste of the red bugs.

A
Green bugs will survive better and reproduce, so the bug population will evolve into mostly green bugs.
B
Red bugs will survive better and reproduce, but the bug population will evolve into mostly green bugs.
C
Green bugs will survive better and reproduce, but the bug population will evolve into mostly red bugs.
D
Red bugs will survive better and reproduce, so the bug population will evolve into mostly red bugs.
10

Which example best illustrates a condition necessary for natural selection to occur?

A
Cheetahs have nearly identical genetic makeup.
B
Clownfish can lay a thousand eggs at a time.
C
Some bacteria have very specific temperature requirements.
D
A strawberry plant is able to reproduce asexually.
11

Which statements best describe the cladogram? Select three options.

A
Reptiles are the most primitive.
B
Birds and reptiles are most closely related.
C
Frogs are more closely related to fish than birds.
D
Frogs are more closely related to birds than fish.
E
Fish are the most primitive.
12

Which statement best compares a trace fossil to a fossil that forms as a result of an entire organism being trapped in amber?

A
Both show the exact structure of the organism.
B
Both require that the hard parts of the organism dissolve.
C
Both form as a result of the organism leaving imprints in sediment.
D
Both can possibly be used to study the organism's size.
13

A scientist has a fossil that was found in a layer of rock close to Earth’s surface. He believes that the fossil is around 12,000 years old.Which method would best allow the scientist to confirm the actual age of the fossil?

A
finding another fossil in a deeper layer of rock
B
finding another fossil in the same layer of rock
C
using carbon/nitrogen absolute dating
D
using potassium/argon absolute dating
14

Three organisms have four shared characteristics. They all have a backbone and scales, lay eggs, and walk on land.What can be determined based on this information alone?

A
They are members of different species.
B
They are members of the same species.
C
Their common ancestor has the same four shared characteristics.
D
Their common ancestor has none of the shared characteristics.
15

Birds and humans are theorized to have a common ancestor because they have homologous structures.Which evidence best supports this theory?

A
They both have tails as embryos.
B
They each have vestigial structures.
C
They have analogous structures.
D
They have different forms as adults.
16

Species X is an extinct animal. A scientist has discovered fossils of species X and compared them to species Y, a living animal that inhabits the same area where the fossils were found. The scientist has noted that the two animals share several physical characteristics.What can the scientist most likely conclude about the two types of animals?

A
Species X was better adapted to the environment.
B
Species X outcompeted species Y for food.
C
Species X is an early ancestor of species Y.
D
Species X mated with species Y and had unique offspring.
17

Which idea is most directly related to Lamarck’s beliefs about evolution?

A
A frog’s legs grow during its lifetime to help it jump farther, and it passes on the longer legs to its offspring.
B
Humans and primates are classified in the same genus because they have similar traits.
C
If a population is left to reproduce without limiting factors, it will outgrow its food supply.
D
In one area, brown moths are better adapted to the environment than white moths, so they survive and reproduce.
18

Due to a genetic mutation, a mouse is born with fur that is not as light as fur in other mice of the same population. This makes it easier for the mouse to blend into the environment.

A
The mouse with the mutation will not survive, and the trait will disappear from the population.
B
The mouse with the mutation will survive and reproduce, and the trait will spread over future generations.
C
The mouse with the mutation will not survive, but the trait will appear again in the next generation.
D
The mouse with the mutation will survive and reproduce, but the trait will disappear because it was caused by a mutation.
19

Which scenario would most likely result in the extinction of one or more species?

A
The water temperature of a pond decreases slightly, and the members of the pond populations adapt to the change.
B
The conditions are abnormally dry for one season in a desert, resulting in the deaths of a few members of a snake population.
C
A predatory fish is introduced into a lake, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the populations of smaller fish.
D
A new plant species begins growing in a forest, resulting in a new food resource for many animal populations.
20

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