Unit Test Answers

A is the keystone, B is the voussoirs, and C is the piers.

The sketch shows a skyscraper, specifically the Chrysler Building, which is an example of a steel-frame structure. This type of building is tall, narrow, and supported by an internal skeleton of steel rather than thick masonry walls. Developments in steel-frame construction and the invention of the elevator made this building, and others like it, possible. New engineering techniques also allowed architects to build higher and more safely.

Yes, this is a relief sculpture because the long thin panels project outward from the red wall surface. It appears to be a high relief due to the significant extension of the panels creating strong depth.

• cast bronze (lost wax) • bronze(bonded or cold cast) • marble (bonded or cold cast) • sculptured marble • clay and terracotta • fiberglass • soapstone • aluminum • Durastone

The image shows a medieval castle tower using masonry construction with battlements. This crenellated design was common in Medieval castles because it provided defensive positions for archers while protecting the walls from invaders.

Answers may vary, but should be similar to the following: This is a low relief. Its images are projected off the background, but not so much that they extend at least one-half, or that they curve back into the background creating shadows. This is a sunken relief. Its figures and images are carved into the flat background.

This sculpture was carved out of limestone. After it was carved, it was painted and gilded, meaning it had gold details.

The CATIA model is a computer aided 3-D Interaction Applications allows interactive visualization and collaboration over the web. CATIA stands for, Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application.

This sculpture is entitled Pieta, and was sculpted by Michelangelo. It is located inside St. Peter’s Basilica, inside the Vatican. The main thing we can notice is that the light hits the different figures and parts of the sculpture so that each casts shadows onto one another.

A sculpture in the round is designed to be view, and cannot be fully appreciate or understood from a single angle. When looking at a sculpture in the round from all angles, our focus changes and we notice different features. We notice that the staging, or the parts that appear to overlap at a given angle, changes depending on the angle we are looking from. The division of positive and negative space changes depending on the viewing angle.

Architecture is the art of building or constructing. An architect is a person who designs pieces of architecture. An architect must understand the technical skills of design and construction, as well as what is required to make a piece of architecture functional and/or aesthetically pleasing.

Sculpture in the round is a freestanding three-dimensional work that viewers can observe from every angle. Unlike relief or two-dimensional art, these sculptures exist fully in space with no background attachment. They are more representational and communicative because the complete form, details, and intended emotion or story can be experienced by walking around the piece, allowing a deeper physical and visual interaction.

A freestanding sculpture is a three-dimensional piece of art, which is surrounded by space on all sides. A freestanding sculpture has multiple perspectives.

This appears to be an installation sculpture called 'The Columns' or similar environmental piece inside a large room. The relationship with its environment is that the tall semicircular columns are enhanced by dramatic lighting, integrating architectural space with sculpture to create an immersive experience where light and shadows become part of the artwork.

The sculpture is made of red leaves arranged floating in a puddle forming a circle that fades outward. It is located in a natural outdoor setting like a forest floor or park. If removed from its environment, the meaning would change because the sculpture relies on the water, reflection, and surrounding nature to create its ephemeral beauty and connection to seasonal change.

Answers will vary, but may include the following: The type of sculpture depends on the design and final product the artist wishes to produce. The decision of what type of sculpture may be influenced by the environment it will be shown in, the tool and materials the arts has to work with, the time an artist has to create a piece, and/or the purpose of the sculpture.

A pendentive is the curved triangular section that connects a round dome to the arches or square space below it. It is important because it helps transfer the weight of the dome downward and allows a circular dome to rest securely on a rectangular or square base.

Assemblage is an additive process where artists construct work by putting together objects and attaches them in some way. Assemblage sculpture can include a variety of materials in the same sculpture, where as other types of sculpture may only be made out of one or perhaps two materials. Assemblage allows the artist a great degree of freedom. Assemblage sculpture is most common in modern art.

Skyscrapers are cost effective and minimize space. They are also seen as examples of a nation or company’s power and strength.

An artist must consider how the sculpture will look from all angles, in other words whether the sculpture will be interesting and pleasing from all angles. Figures are rarely unposed because the artist wants the viewer to have different and interesting details to take in, no matter what angle the sculpture is looked at from.

A corbel arch is an arch carries the thrust of weight to its sides. It uses a post-and-lintel, in which the lintel supports all the weight above it. A corbel arch is unique because it is the oldest form of arch known in architecture.

A sculpture series is a group of interrelated objects that exist together in a space. The artist has to consider how to arrange the individuals pieces so that they convey whatever meaning or message the artist is seeking.

This is an example of a vault, specifically a barrel vault. This type of construction is very stable because of its weight bearing capacity. Therefore the structure is likely to be long-lasting.

A natural sculpture is a sculpture that is inspired by forms and processes from nature. Answers may vary, but should include at least 2 examples: Forms and process could include: life cycles, weather, seasons, geographic changes, metamorphosis, etc.

Modeling is the process of forming a pliable medium with hands or tools. Modeling is one of the least expensive and easiest of sculpting techniques.