Answers Biology AMeiosis

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How has the study of mitosis affected scientists’ knowledge of cancer?

It led to a study of how to induce cancer cells to divide more rapidly.

It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly.

It led to the development of contact-inhibition regulators.

It led to the discovery of how to prevent cancer cells from dividing.

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The diagram shows a phase of mitosis.Which does the letter A represent in the diagram?

centriole

chromosome

centromere

spindle

How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?

with more contractions

with fewer contractions

the contractions would suddenly cease

with the same frequency of contractions

Which best describes the cell theory?

Scientists know all there is to know about cells, so the cell theory will not change.

As technological advancements are made, the cell theory may change.

A theory, once formulated, cannot be changed.

The development of a synthetic cell has caused the cell theory to change.

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled G?

centrioles

lysosomes

ribosomes

mitochondria

Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

lactic acid formation

acetyl CoA formation

electron transport

Krebs cycle

Which structure is found in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell, but is not found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

DNA

ribosomes

nucleus

mitochondria

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?

Chloroplasts do not reproduce.

Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.

Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.

Chloroplasts have their own DNA.

The illustration below shows the steps of meiosis I. What is the step that is labeled D?

metaphase I

metaphase II

telophase II

telophase I

Which correctly describes crossing over?

the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material

the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate

In what way are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis similar?

Both require chemical energy to proceed.

Both occur in the chloroplast.

Both produce oxygen as a byproduct.

Both involve carbon fixation.

After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body?

Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration.

Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration.

Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.

Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.

Stella wants to test the hypothesis “If carbon dioxide levels increase, the growth rate of sunflowers will increase.” She places five young sunflower plants into similar containers and sets up pumps that release different amounts of carbon dioxide into each container. She plans to measure the daily height of the plants for two weeks and graph the data. Which option would allow Stella to set up a control group for the experiment?

She should provide mist to each of the plants except one plant to keep the air moist and fertilize the plants.

She should give the plants receiving the least CO2 a little more oxygen to compensate for the difference in gases.

She should give all the flowers the same amount of water.

She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it.

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionChloroplastStores water and waste materialsCell wallSupports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cellCell membraneBreaks down waste materials and debrisVacuoleProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

chloroplast

cell wall

cell membrane

vacuole

The data in the table were recorded during an investigation in which a paramecium was placed in a hypertonic salt solution. If this data is shown in a bar graph, which description accurately represents the bars?

The graph has five bars of equal height.

The bars range from tallest for very high concentration to shortest for very low concentration.

The bar for very low concentration is twice the height of the bar for medium concentration.

The bar for very high concentration is five times the height of the bar for very low concentration.

A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope?

electron microscope

scanning microscope

compound light microscope

simple microscope

Some single-celled organisms make copies of themselves through mitosis. Which describes the function of the cell cycle in such single-celled organisms?

reproduction

repair

growth

protection

To which substance does ferredoxin transfer an electron?

photosystem I

photosystem II

NADP+

NADPH

Which statement best distinguishes an observation from an inference?

An inference is likely to change based on additional observations.

An observation is likely to change based on additional inferences.

An observation involves assumptions, but an inference does not.

An inference involves the senses, but an observation does not.

Each year, about 1.2 million cases of skin cancer are reported worldwide. An increased exposure to environmental conditions is a major link to the increase in cases. Based on this information, which is the best conclusion?

Limiting exposure to the sun may reduce the chance of skin cancer.

Limiting exposure to the sun may increase the chance of skin cancer.

Increasing exposure to the sun may reduce the chance of skin cancer.

Increasing exposure to the sun will not affect the chance of skin cancer.

What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle?

It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis.

It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.

It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.

It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.

Imagine that a disorder that causes the cell cycle to stop affects the muscle cells of a frog’s leg. What consequence is most likely to follow?

The frog will immediately not be able to use the muscle.

An injury to the muscle will not heal.

The frog will not be able to reproduce.

A broken bone in that leg will not mend.

When skin cells are damaged by sunlight or injury, the cell cycle helps by promoting.

reproduction.

repair.

synthesis.

growth.

What is the end result of meiosis?

four identical daughter cells

four different daughter cells

two identical daughter cells

two different daughter cells

Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and creates genetically unique reproductive cells. Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II?

fertilization

independent assortment

crossing over

chromosome replication

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