Answers OPTIONS Integrated Physics and Chemistry BTypes of Radioactive Decay

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The total energy in a system is 675 J. The kinetic energy changes from 296 J to 432 J. Which statement best describes the potential energy of this system?

It changes from 296 J to 432 J.

It changes from 379 J to 243 J.

It changes from 432 J to 296 J.

It changes from 243 J to 379 J.

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What is the overall energy transformation in a coal-fired power plant?

electrical to chemical

chemical to electrical

nuclear to radiant

radiant to nuclear

After a radioactive atom decays, it is the same element that it was before with no measurable change in mass. Which kind of decay has occurred, and how do you know?

alpha decay because alpha particles have no mass

beta decay because this kind of decay cannot change one element into another

alpha decay because it creates a new isotope of the same element

gamma decay because photons have no mass

Ryan is examining the energy of the particles in a bar of gold. What is Ryan most likely studying?

thermal energy

electric energy

potential energy

internal energy

Doug is doing work. Without knowing exactly what he is doing, which can be said about the work he is doing?

Energy is transferred.

Energy is increased.

Energy is decreased.

Energy is unchanged.

Consider the three equations below.Which statement do these reactions best support?

Beta decay occurs only in certain atoms.

Alpha decay occurs only in certain atoms.

Chain reactions play important roles in the process of nuclear fission.

Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.

Which type of radiation do people try to protect themselves from by wearing protective clothing that is made of aluminum?

alpha radiation

beta radiation

gamma radiation

photon radiation

Which type of reaction does this diagram represent?

a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission

a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fusion

a decrease in energy that is caused by nuclear fission

an increase in energy that is caused by nuclear fusion

Which particles that make up an atom are involved in nuclear reactions?

protons only

protons and neutrons

electrons only

electrons and neutrons

Which best describes what forms in nuclear fission?

two smaller, more stable nuclei

two larger, less stable nuclei

one smaller, less stable nucleus

one larger, more stable nucleus

A 40 kg dog is sitting on top of a hillside and has a potential energy of 1,568 J. What is the height of the hillside? (Formula: PE = mgh)

3.9 m

4.0 m

39.2 m

40.0 m

Two examples of energy transformations are shown.

begin with chemical energy.

begin with electrical energy.

result in radiant energy.

result in mechanical energy.

Hedea made a study chart about nuclear energy.Which best describes the error in Hedea’s chart?

The nuclei of atoms are split apart in both fission and fusion.

The nuclei of atoms are joined together in both fission and fusion.

Fission converts nuclear energy to electrical energy, not thermal energy.

Fission and fusion convert nuclear energy to both radiant and thermal energy.

Which best describes nuclear fusion?

A nucleus spontaneously splits and absorbs energy.

Two nuclei spontaneously combine and absorb energy.

A nucleus collides with a neutron and splits, releasing energy.

Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Why would a doctor most likely restrict a patient’s contact with other people while the patient receives internal radiation?

The patient’s stress and anxiety would be eliminated.

High levels of radiation can diffuse through the patient’s skin.

Social contact would increase the effect of the radiation treatment.

Radioactive material can leave the patient’s body through saliva, sweat, and urine.

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