Answers NC-World History Issues and PatternsUnit Test

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Who owns most farms and factories in a capitalist economy?

private banks

private individuals

state governments

national governments

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The map shows the number of people who immigrated to the United States from different regions.From most to least, which shows the correct ranking of regions by number of immigrants to the United States?

1st: Europe2nd: Asia3rd: North and South America 4th: Africa

1st: North and South America 2nd: Europe3rd: Africa4th: Asia

1st: Africa2nd: Asia3rd: North and South America 4th: Europe

1st: Europe2nd: North and South America 3rd: Asia4th: Africa

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What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

They paid off union leaders so they would stay away.

They had union leaders arrested for no cause.

They only hired workers who promised they would not join a union.

They used force to end union activities.

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How did industrialization spread to the continent of Europe?

The United States shared its expertise in exchange for resources.

British workers secretly brought in textile machinery plans.

Britain shared its secrets to get support from allies.

Germany shared its plans for how to build railroads.

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A positive effect of urbanization was the building of which public transportation systems?

taxis

trolleys

buses

trains

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In a laissez-faire economy, the government plays a

limited role.

indefinite role.

dominant role.

dependent role.

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The most important result of the Second Industrial Revolution was

depleting natural resources.

creating business empires.

turning the United States into a world economic power.

creating problems for labor, such as long hours.

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What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?

as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions

for a social group and to protect themselves from poor work conditions

for a social group and to strike if they didn’t get what they wanted

as a form of social protest and to strike if they didn’t get what they wanted

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In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor?

As unions became stronger, they didn’t allow children under 14 to work.

Laws passed in both countries prohibited children under 14 from working.

Laws passed in both countries limited children to work only 8 hours a day.

Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed in both countries.

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What role did crop rotation play in the Agricultural Revolution?

It enabled farmers to plant many new types of crops.

It allowed farmers to share crops with one another.

It introduced new machines to plant and harvest crops.

It helped restore nutrients to the soil so crops grew better.

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Who helped spread industrialization from Britain to the United States?

Henry Ford

Samuel Slater

Thomas Edison

Francis Cabot Lowell

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strikingcollective bargainingjoining a unionprotesting

striking

collective bargaining

joining a union

protesting

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During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward the use of enslaved labor?

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.

Even more enslaved persons were put to work in factories.

Factory owners refused to use enslaved persons as their workers.

Runaway enslaved persons were not prosecuted.

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What was New Harmony, Indiana?

a successful factory town

a community of escaped enslaved persons

a model utopian community

a community for religious dissidents

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How did banking change in Europe from the 1700s to the 1800s?

The number of private banks sharply increased.

The number of private banks sharply decreased.

The number of government banks sharply increased.

The number of government banks sharply decreased.

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Wealth brings with it its own checks and balances. The basis of political economy is non-interference. The only safe rule is found in the self-adjusting meter of demand and supply. Do not legislate. . . . make equal laws: secure life and property, and you need not give charity. Open the doors of opportunity to talent and virtue, and they will do themselves justice, and property will not be in bad hands. In a free and just commonwealth, property rushes from the idle [lazy] and brainless, to the industrious, brave, and persevering.

individual freedom

public ownership

government regulation

trade barriers

How did industrial cities provide new opportunities for workers? Choose three answers.City jobs paid higher wages than rural farming did.There were plots of land where farmers could grow crops.Welfare took care of people if they couldn’t find a job.Women could get jobs to help support their families.Factories, mills, and mines were always in need of workers.

City jobs paid higher wages than rural farming did.

There were plots of land where farmers could grow crops.

Welfare took care of people if they couldn’t find a job.

Women could get jobs to help support their families.

Factories, mills, and mines were always in need of workers.

Read the description of an economic system in an imaginary country. The national government built all the transportation systems. The government determines where the train will go and how much each trip will cost. All people who work on the train system [mechanics, drivers, ticket sales, or cleaners] are employed and paid by the national government. All citizens of this country "share" ownership of the train system.

The people control the means of production.

The government makes the economic decisions.

The economy operates on prioritizing the individual.

The law of supply and demand controls the economy.

How did Francis Cabot Lowell begin to transform the role of women in the United States?

He offered women a chance to earn a living.

He raised women’s pay in the textile industry.

He refused to allow women to work under dangerous conditions.

He improved women’s work conditions by shortening their hours.

James Watt played an important role in the Industrial Revolution by

developing a process to make textiles efficiently.

making steam engines a reliable power source.

inventing the steamboat to carry goods and people.

encouraging the growth of cottage industries.

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Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command. It is his own advantage, indeed, and not that of the society which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage naturally leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society.

desire for power

concern for others

competition for jobs

sense of self-interest

Why were factory conditions so bad at the start of the Industrial Revolution?

Factory owners wanted to maximize profits.

Laws were not in place to protect workers.

There was too much work and too few workers.

Workers were used to poor conditions.

The graph shows the percentage of children in British mining and textile industries.

textile factories employed more children during the mid-1800s.

textile factories had safe working conditions for children.

textile factories offered good pay and shorter hours to children.

textile factories hired older and more capable children.

How was the advent of the trolley most beneficial to workers?

Trolleys were a cheap form of transportation.

Workers could get to work more quickly.

Workers could live farther away from work.

Trolleys were a convenient way to travel.

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