Answers Lincoln Biology A-CRUnit Test

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Which describes something that occurs during translation?

A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.

A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.

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What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?

He created the first photograph of the structure of DNA.

He discovered how the DNA bases pair together.

He created the first accurate model of DNA's structure.

He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.

Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations within the CFTR gene. One mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to cystic fibrosis causes translation to end earlier in the gene sequence. Which type of mutation causes this translation error that leads to cystic fibrosis?

silent

missense

nonsense

deletion

Which best matches a type of genetic material with its description?

Nucleotides form a helical structure that is called a gene.

Genes combine to form structures called nucleotides.

Chromosomes create genes.

DNA is located in the nucleus.

Which represents a strand of RNA bases?

CAAGGTCTC

AGGTTCACA

CAAGGUCUC

TGGAACTCA

Which is an arrangement of genes consisting of an operator, a promoter, and a repressor?

RNA polymerase

anticodon

codon

operon

What can a person do to limit exposure to X-rays?

wear sunblock

avoid cigarette smoke

wear a protective lead vest

avoid chemicals

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

RNA instructs DNA to make proteins.

DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.

RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.

How many genes make up the human genome?

four: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

23 pairs of genes

20,000–25,000 genes

3 billion genes

What must occur for protein translation to begin?

A water molecule must be added to the protein chain.

A peptide bond must form between subunits of mRNA.

The amino acid Cys must be picked up by tRNA.

The codon AUG must be identified.

James is working with the lac operon of Escherichia coli (E. coli). He places the bacteria on a plate of growth media. Based on the current understanding of this operon, which hypothesis would be useful for James to test?

Addition of allolactose (inducer) to the bacterial growth media should increase the speed at which the bacteria metabolize the sugar lactose.

Removal of the RNA polymerase molecule should increase the amount of bacterial growth on the plate.

Decreasing the amount of allolactose (inducer) in the bacterial growth media should increase the rate of bacterial growth.

Increasing the rate at which RNA polymerase acts will inhibit bacterial growth.

Which of the following correctly organizes these genetic terms in order from smallest to largest?

chromosome, gene, nucleotide, DNA molecule

nucleotide, gene, DNA molecule, chromosome

DNA molecule, nucleotide, gene, chromosome

DNA molecule, nucleotide, chromosome, gene

A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene.What can he assume about the number of adenine?

The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of guanine bases.

The number of adenine bases will be equal to the total of all the other bases.

The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases.

The number of adenine bases will be half of the number of cytosine bases.

Maria is concerned because she has been exposed to a small amount of radiation during an X-ray. What is her doctor most likely to tell her?

Radiations from X-rays is not a mutagen.

Mutagens have no effect on the body unless you have inherited them.

Small amounts of a mutagen often do not have an effect on health.

Severe mutations are usually caused by small amounts of a mutagen.

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

mitochondria

cytoplasm

nucleus

ribosomes

Which is a frameshift mutation?

substitution

nonsense

silent

deletion

In which structure is all the genetic information of an organism found?

DNA

gene

codon

protein

Ji wants to write an example of a frameshift mutation using the following sentence: THE CAT SAW THE RAT. Which sentence best shows a frameshift mutation?

THC ATS AWT HER AT.

CAT THE SAW RAT THE.

EHT TAC WAS EHT TAR.

THE THE CAT SAW THE RAT.

Which statement is scientifically based?

Mutations rarely occur.

All mutations are harmful.

Some mutations can be contagious, like infections.

Mutations are not passed from parent to offspring.

Which nucleic acid moves the code for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

dRNA

tRNA

rRNA

mRNA

According to Chargaff's rule, base pairing in DNA should resemble which of the following?

A = T; C = G

A = C; T = G

A = G; T = U

A = U; C = G

Which summary below correctly describes what occurs during transcription?

A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

An mRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.

A DNA template is used to create a ribosome.

An mRNA template is used to create a tRNA strand.

A mutagen is

a living thing that has undergone a mutation.

an agent that causes a mutation in DNA.

a mutation that has affected one gene.

any chemical that can poison living cells.

Which is considered a chemical mutagen?

tanning beds

tobacco

X-rays

sunlight

In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?

James Watson and Francis Crick

Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei

Rosalind Franklin

Erwin Chargaff

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