Answers FL-2000310-Biology 1 AUnit Test

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A scientist is examining the function of macromolecules in a cell. She notices that movement of large molecules into and out of the cell is disrupted when she damages one specific type of macromolecule. Which macromolecule has she most likely damaged?

a carbohydrate

a steroid

a nucleic acid

a protein

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Which statement about water best illustrates the property of adhesion?

water droplet found on a spider web in the morning

water molecules in a drop of dew

water is necessary for animal respiration

water dissolving salt into a solution

Which will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

adding a catalyst

decreasing the pressure

decreasing the temperature

removing a catalyst

Which characteristic best distinguishes runoff and infiltration?

Runoff involves condensation and infiltration involves evaporation.

Runoff occurs over land and infiltration occurs underground.

Runoff occurs during floods and infiltration occurs during drought.

Runoff describes water movement and infiltration describes water storage.

A dietician asks a patient about the food that the patient eats and makes the table below to summarize the results.MacromoleculeSuggested percentage of dietActual percentage of dietCarbohydrates45–65%70%Lipids20–35%5%Proteins10–35%25%Based on the table, what advice do you think that the dietician will give the patient?

The patient should increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) and decrease the amount of oils in his or her diet.

The patient should decrease the amount of lean meats (proteins) and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.

The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.

The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) in his or her diet.

Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?

Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.

Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.

Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.

Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction.

In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere?

CO2

C6H12O6

H2O

ATP

Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration releases carbon back into the atmosphere.

Photosynthesis is part of the carbon cycle, and cellular respiration is not.

Only plants perform photosynthesis, and only animals perform cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis releases carbon into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration removes carbon from the atmosphere.

Which statement about enzymes is true?

An enzyme functions to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction.

Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts in nonliving things.

Each enzyme can catalyze many different biochemical reactions.

Enzymes and substrates fit together like a lock and key.

Hemophilia is a disease that causes uncontrollable bleeding. If a father has it, all of his daughters will be carriers of the disease. Which macromolecule is involved in how hemophilia is passed from parents to their children?

carbohydrate

lipid

nucleic acid

protein

A patient has diabetes, a disease that causes high blood sugar levels. Which macromolecule will a dietician monitor most closely in a patient that has the disease?

carbohydrates

lipids

nucleic acids

proteins

The graph below compares the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework.What can you conclude from the graph?

The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.

Read the following excerpt about water availability to living organisms.“Water covers 75 percent of Earth. 97 percent of water on Earth is salt water. Only 3 percent of water is available as fresh water, but most of this water is locked up in solid glaciers and polar ice caps.” Based on this information, which is the best approximation of the amount of water on the planet that is available for animals to drink?

1 percent

3 percent

10 percent

75 percent

Which sequence of processes transports water from the atmosphere to the ocean and then back into a cloud?

precipitation ® condensation ® transpiration

evaporation ® condensation ® sublimation

precipitation ® evaporation ® condensation

evaporation ® precipitation ® condensation

Where is the greatest amount of the world’s carbon found?

atmosphere

seafloor sediments

ocean

plants and animals

The carbon cycle ensures that carbon is not lost. Which is another important benefit of the carbon cycle?

The carbon cycle helps regulate Earth's temperature.

The carbon cycle ensures that living things have a continual source of hydrogen.

The carbon cycle helps transport nutrients in bodies of water.

The carbon cycle ensures that there is a continual supply of water.

Which statement best describes the amount of catalyst that remains at the end of a reaction?

More catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction.

Less catalyst is present at the end than at the beginning of the reaction.

The amount of catalyst is the same at the end as at the beginning of the reaction.

The catalyst is consumed by the reaction, so none remains at the end of the reaction.

Which substance is a nucleic acid?

amino acid

fat

polysaccharide

RNA

If Tyler does not eat a diet that includes essential amino acids, his cells will not be able to build

nucleic acids.

certain proteins.

cell membranes.

certain carbohydrates.

Which reason best explains why carbon is able to form macromolecules?

Carbon is a very large element.

Carbon can bond with many elements.

Carbon is found in all living things.

Carbon is found in energy-storing molecules.

What is stored in carbon bonds?

water

energy

glucose

ATP

Lactase and carbonic anhydrase are examples of what type of substance?

substrate

reactant

product

enzyme

The picture shows a jar of honey.Which statement is correct about this food?

It contains disaccharides, a complex type of lipid.

It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate

It contains starch, which gives it a sweet taste.

It contains lipids, which give it a sweet taste.

The picture shows a carafe of olive oil.What is one of the primary functions of this food in the body?

building proteins

storing energy

providing structure to cell walls

carrying genetic information

How will the level of carbon in the atmosphere change if humans do nothing to reduce their impact on the carbon cycle?

Carbon will be removed from the atmosphere altogether.

The level of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease.

Carbon in the atmosphere will remain the same.

The level of carbon in the atmosphere will increase.

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