Answers PBCSD_Grade_Forgiveness_2001310_Earth Space Science_S2_2019Unit Test

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Which feature causes a gap in the geologic record?

extrusion

fault

intrusion

erosion

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The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background.

They cracked at an angle.

They were deposited at an angle.

They were deposited vertically and then shifted by a geologic event.

They were deposited horizontally and then shifted by a geologic event.

Study the diagram of the geologic time scale.Which method is most likely used to identify what happened before the start of the Paleozoic era?

Scientists study fossils from the Jurassic period.

Scientists observe index fossil records of the Mesozoic era.

Scientists examine fossil evidence during the Precambrian time.

Scientists explore the emergence of mammals and humans in the Cenozoic era.

Which best explains a primary reason for the inability of life to exist in Earth’s early atmosphere?

There was insufficient energy from material collisions to change their density.

High temperatures during Precambrian time caused surface water evaporation.

Volcanic eruptions and comet collisions added different gases to the atmosphere.

Available oxygen was used to help create an ozone layer within Earth’s atmosphere.

Which best describes eras and periods?

Eras have a smaller time span than periods.

Eras and periods are independent of each other.

Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.

Eras were more recently established on the time scale than periods.

The image shows cross-cutting relationships. B, W, E, and K represent rock layers, and Q represents a fault.

Layer K is the oldest.

Layer W is the youngest.

Fault Q occurred before layer K was deposited.

Layers B, W, and E were deposited after fault Q occurred.

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

uses the law of superposition to determine which rock is older or younger

can determine the age based on location of a rock within the same layer

requires only one rock to determine the age

can provide the exact age of a rock

A scientist discovers a new organism that is related to clownfish. What can the scientist discover by using molecular clocks?

the date that the organism first appeared in the fossil record

the age of the organism

the amount of time that the two species have been evolving apart

the number of years that fish have existed

Which best describes traditional classification?

It is based on shared characteristics.

It is based on evolutionary relationships.

It is called phylogenetic classification.

It is called cladistics.

What do gradualism and punctuated equilibrium have in common?

They are both explanations of the rate of evolutionary change.

They are both explanations that were put forth by Darwin.

They both discredit the theory of evolution.

They both utilize radioactive dating over relative dating.

Which phrase describes organisms that formed index fossils?

are extinct

had soft parts

were generally large

lived in a narrow geographic area

Which best describes derived characteristics?

They are newly evolved traits.

They appear in all the ancestors.

They appear at the end of each branch.

They stem from primary characteristics.

Consider the diagram.Josiah says this is a phylogenetic tree of the dinosaurs. Maleek says it is a cladogram of the dinosaurs. Who is correct?

Josiah is correct.

Maleek is correct.

Both are correct.

Neither is correct.

A geologist finds four layers of sedimentary rock. She determines that no geologic events have shifted the layers. She labels the layers A, B, C, and D from the top to the bottom.Which statement about these layers is accurate?

A is older than B.

B is older than C.

C is younger than A.

B is younger than D.

Dogs have a reduced nonfunctional digit on their paws known as a dewclaw. What is this an example of?

analogous structure

homologous structure

vestigial structure

mutated structure

A geologist finds some tilted sedimentary rock layers.Which conclusion can the geologist draw by looking at the rock layers?

Their absolute age is 600 million years.

They were tilted before they were deposited.

They were originally deposited horizontally.

The youngest layer was originally deposited as the bottom layer.

Which structures are similar in function, but do not indicate that the organisms are related?

analogous structures

homologous structures

vestigial structures

transitional structures

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