AnswersMO-English Language Arts 10 B-CRRecognizing Rhetorical Techniques in a Speech

Analyzing Rhetorical Techniques in Machiavelli’s The Prince Answers

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Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.And of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. Hence Virgil, through the mouth of Dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign owing to its being new, saying:"Res dura, et regni novitas me talia coguntMoliri, et late fines custode tueri."(*)Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable.. . . against my will, my fateA throne unsettled, and an infant state,Bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs,And guard with these severities my shores.

A
Machiavelli uses historical evidence to point out that many new rulers have used cruelty.
B
Machiavelli uses empirical evidence to makes points about the use of power.
C
Machiavelli uses logical evidence to assert that it is acceptable for new princes to use cruelty.
D
Machiavelli uses anecdotal evidence to show that new rulers need to be cruel.
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Which questions must be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of an argument? Select four options.

A
Is there empirical evidence in the argument?
B
Is there reliable evidence to support the reasons?
C
Are there logical reasons to believe the claim?
D
Is the author’s claim clear to the reader?
E
Does the author’s diction affect the reader as intended?
3

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you. And that prince who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other precautions, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails.

A
empirical evidence in the form of observation
B
historical evidence in the form of comparisons
C
logical evidence in the form of generalizations
D
logical evidence in the form of inductive reasoning
4

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you.

A
It suggests a fearful tone in the passage.
B
It ensures readers understand its significance in the passage.
C
It softens the tone of the passage.
D
It suggests the personal fear that Machiavelli feels.
5

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.And of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. Hence Virgil, through the mouth of Dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign owing to its being new, saying:"Res dura, et regni novitas me talia coguntMoliri, et late fines custode tueri."(*)Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable.. . . against my will, my fateA throne unsettled, and an infant state,Bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs,And guard with these severities my shores.

A
Machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by first introducing the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with evidence.
B
Machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by starting with statistical evidence and then concluding that rulers must be cruel.
C
Machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by first presenting an observed pattern of details and then concluding that new rulers must be cruel.
D
Machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by starting with the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with short narratives.
6

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.And that prince who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other precautions, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails.

A
They suggest friendship, suggesting that even base men need close bonds.
B
They suggest weakness, since Machiavelli argues the bonds of love are easily broken.
C
They suggest faithfulness, since Machiavelli’s love can be relied on in times of need.
D
They suggest faithfulness, suggesting obligations that are secured through love.
7

What three things must a writer use to develop a successful argument?

A
inductive and deductive reasoning, anecdotal evidence, and persuasive diction
B
logical reasoning, relevant evidence, and persuasive diction
C
historical examples, empirical evidence, and diction
D
anecdotal evidence, empirical evidence, and logical evidence
8

What is the definition of empirical evidence?

A
Empirical evidence is evidence based on personal experience.
B
Empirical evidence is evidence based on scientific research.
C
Empirical evidence is evidence based on accepted truths.
D
Empirical evidence is evidence based on historical facts.
9

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable.

A
that princes are even harsher than Machiavelli describes
B
that readers should not have sympathy for a prince
C
that a prince should only be cruel when necessary
D
that weak rulers must learn to be frightening
10

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince.Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their women. But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause, but above all things he must keep his hands off the property of others, because men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony. Besides, pretexts for taking away the property are never wanting; for he who has once begun to live by robbery will always find pretexts for seizing what belongs to others; but reasons for taking life, on the contrary, are more difficult to find and sooner lapse. But when a prince is with his army, and has under control a multitude of soldiers, then it is quite necessary for him to disregard the reputation of cruelty, for without it he would never hold his army united or disposed to its duties.

A
They suggest that a ruler who is feared can retain power, while a ruler who is hated is less likely to do so.
B
They suggest that hatred is more powerful than fear, allowing a ruler to take power from people by taking their possessions.
C
They suggest that, if a prince has to put someone to death, he will be hated rather than feared.
D
They suggest that both fear and hatred can be useful, depending on the situation.

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