AnswersChemistryAtoms and the Periodic Table

Atoms and the Periodic Table — Test Answers

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1
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Which of these statements best identifies the particle that is labeled with an cap x ?

A
It is either a neutron or an electron.
B
It is either an electron or a nucleus.
C
It is either a proton or a neutron.
D
It is either a nucleus or a proton.
3

Which element has 32 protons in its nucleus?

A
sulfur
B
phosphorus
C
cobalt
D
germanium
5

Hydrogen has three isotopes 1 cap h , 2 cap h , and 3 cap h What is the difference between these three isotopes?

A
The number of protons ranges from 1 to 3 .
B
The number of neutrons ranges from 0 to 2 .
C
The number of electrons ranges from 1 to 3 .
D
The number of protons ranges from 0 to 2 .
6

Iron, an element with the chemical symbol Fe , is an important element. It is used to make steel and is part of the substance that transports oxygen throughout the human body. Which statement about Fe is supported by the modern atomic theory but not John Dalton’s theory?

A
Iron atoms combine with other atoms in whole number ratios to form compounds.
B
The electrons of iron have probable locations in a region of space around the nucleus.
C
Chemical reactions that involve iron do not create new atoms of iron.
D
The element iron is composed of small particles called atoms.
7

Which statement about Niels Bohr’s atomic model is true?

A
Electrons can exist in any energy level.
B
Orbits close to the nucleus have no energy.
C
Each orbit has a specific energy level.
D
Higher orbits have lower energies.
8

Which substance is a mixture?

A
carbon dioxide
B
gasoline
C
table salt
D
aluminum
9

Which of Dalton's ideas about the atom did J.J. Thomson's experiment disprove?

A
It disproved that atoms are divisible.
B
It disproved that atoms contain protons.
C
It disproved that atoms are indivisible.
D
It disproved that atoms contain electrons.
10

Which statement best describes how electrons fill orbitals in the periodic table?

A
Electrons fill orbitals in order of their increasing energy from left to right.
B
Electrons fill orbitals in order of their increasing energy from right to left.
C
Elements fill orbitals in order of increasing energy from bottom to top in each group.
D
Elements fill orbitals in order of increasing energy from top to bottom in each group.
11

Who was the first to propose the existence of atoms?

A
John Dalton
B
Ernest Rutherford
C
Joseph Proust
D
Democritus
12

Which is a correct set of values of m for one of the subshells of n is equal to 2 ?

A
negative 1 , negative 2 , 0 , 1 , 2
B
negative 1 , negative 2 , negative 3 , negative 4 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
C
negative 1 , 0 , 1
D
negative 1 , negative 2 , negative 3 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3
15

Which characteristic is given by the angular momentum quantum number?

A
orbital size
B
orbital orientation
C
orbital mass
D
orbital shape
16

What did Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrate about an atom?

A
Neutrons are located in the center of the atom.
B
Each atom is composed of electrons and positive material.
C
The mass of the atom is evenly spread throughout the atom.
D
Positive charge occupies a very small volume in the atom.
17

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes

A
a cation that has a larger radius than the atom.
B
an anion that has a smaller radius than the atom.
C
a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
D
an anion that has a larger radius than the atom.
18

Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?

A
The number of orbitals decreases.
B
Electrons get farther from the nucleus.
C
The number of neutrons decreases.
D
Electrons get closer to the nucleus.

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