AnswersAP US Government and PoliticsCumulative Exam

Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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According to an opinion survey conducted by a reputable polling organization, the public largely opposes funding a new weapons program proposed by the Department of Defense.

A
Opponents of the program sue in federal court to block funding for the program.
B
Leaders from one political party criticize the other party for supporting the program.
C
An interest group agrees to endorse the program if Congress supports one of the group’s favored programs.
D
To pressure Congress to oppose the program, individual citizens contact their representatives’ offices.
2
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An interest group is focused on holding the government accountable to citizens. The group is concerned that the growing amount of money donated directly or indirectly to political parties and candidates has reduced most voters’ influence over elected officials. The group successfully lobbies Congress to draft a new campaign–finance–reform law.

A
Protests initiated by the group lead to a public backlash against the new law.
B
The Supreme Court declares the new campaign finance law unconstitutional.
C
Congress passes a law that addresses some of the group’s concerns but omits others.
D
Federal bureaucrats delay implementation of the new law after it has passed Congress.
3

Refer to the passage.7. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the first branch of the national Legislature ought not to be according to the rule established in the articles of confederation: but according to some equitable ratio of representation — namely, in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age, sex, and condition including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians, not paying taxes in each State.8. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the second branch of the national Legislature ought to be according to the rule established for the first.–Virginia Plan, 1787

A
Northern states opposed changes to the tax system.
B
Large states opposed the creation of a bicameral legislature.
C
Slave states opposed changes to the Articles of Confederation.
D
Small states opposed changes to the system of representation.
4

Refer to the passage.7. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the first branch of the national Legislature ought not to be according to the rule established in the articles of confederation: but according to some equitable ratio of representation — namely, in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age, sex, and condition including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians, not paying taxes in each State.8. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the second branch of the national Legislature ought to be according to the rule established for the first.–Virginia Plan, 1787

A
the legislative structure of the Articles of Confederation
B
the requirements for granting suffrage to individual citizens
C
the formula for counting the enslaved population of each state
D
the representation system for each house of the legislature
5

A federal district court judge is scheduled to preside over a civil lawsuit. The judge has a substantial financial investment with one of the parties to the lawsuit and is widely believed to have personally profited from the actions disputed in the lawsuit. The judge refuses to consider recusal from the case.

A
Citizens could initiate a petition to recall the judge from office.
B
The president could remove the judge and appoint a replacement.
C
Congress could open an investigation into the judge’s financial records.
D
The Supreme Court could bypass the lower court and try the case itself.
6

The state of California is concerned about a proposed EPA rule change that would lower federal standards for water quality. This rule would supersede California’s more stringent regulations and prevent the state from enforcing its higher water-quality standards.

A
The state could lobby Congress to impeach civil servants who attempt to implement the new rule.
B
The state could nullify the new federal rule in California and continue to apply its own higher standard.
C
The state could threaten to hinder the president’s reelection campaign if the rule is not rescinded.
D
The state could file a lawsuit in federal court to overturn the new rule because it violates the state’s constitutional powers.
7

Refer to the graph.

Question illustration
A
State and local governments fund education because the 10th Amendment requires them to do so.
B
The federal government provides funding because the 10th Amendment gives it a role in education.
C
States provide most education funding because the 10th Amendment gives them sovereign immunity.
D
States provide the majority of funding because the 10th Amendment gives them authority over education.
8

Refer to the graph.

Question illustration
A
States are responsible for funding federal programs at the local level.
B
The federal government does not provide enough funding for education.
C
The different levels of government share responsibility for societal needs.
D
States cannot meet constitutional responsibilities without the federal government’s help.
9

Refer to the image.

Question illustration
A
The federal government wants to bolster states’ rights.
B
States and the federal government are obligated to work jointly.
C
The federal government has the ultimate authority over states.
D
The federal government can undermine states’ authority in policy areas.
10

Refer to the image.

Question illustration
A
The 11th Amendment gives states immunity from federal oversight.
B
Article 6 of the Constitution gives federal laws supremacy over state-created policies.
C
Article 4 of the Constitution gives the federal government authority over state governments.
D
The 10th Amendment gives states authority over the federal government in certain policy areas.
11

The US Citizenship and Immigration Services agency implements immigration laws. The agency is deporting noncitizens without allowing them to apply for citizenship. The president’s administration seeks to reform immigration and wants to let noncitizens apply for citizenship rather than be automatically deported.

A
use executive privilege to create immigration reform
B
issue an executive order regarding immigration reform
C
direct Congress to pass legislation regarding immigration reform
D
appoint an agency director whose first priority is immigration reform
12

A new president wants to expedite education reform by directly overseeing agencies to ensure that they align with the administration’s agenda.

A
a pyramid structure, because the clear chain of command means that fewer people report directly to the president
B
a circular structure, because the president’s assistants would be able to directly report policy progress to the president
C
a direct oversight structure, because the chief of staff will help the president manage assistants to ensure correct policy implementation
D
an ad hoc structure, because the president could create and directly oversee special committees and task forces to ensure policy reform
13

Fletcher v. Peck (1810) dealt with the inviolability of contracts versus state legislative authority.

A
According to Georgia law, contracts made due to bribes are illegal and repealed; therefore, the contract was null and void.
B
Georgia lawmakers ruled that contracts made by the prior administration were illegal under their state constitution and requested that the Supreme Court support this decision.
C
Citing Article I, Marshall supported the Supreme Court’s review of state law, establishing that contracts under state law prevail.
D
Referencing Marbury v. Madison, Marshall cited the contracts clause as the means for siding with Peck in this case.
14

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the principle of judicial review?

A
The president nominates a candidate to the federal bench.
B
The Supreme Court strikes down a law as unconstitutional.
C
Congress holds an impeachment trial to remove a sitting federal judge.
D
Congress holds hearings deliberating the candidacy of a nominee to the federal court.
15

Refer to the cartoon.

Question illustration
A
Congress passes legislation when threatened by a shutdown.
B
Congress continually makes compromises to pass legislation.
C
Congress always tries to pass legislation as quickly as possible.
D
Congress waits until after elections to pass important legislation.
16

Refer to the cartoon.

Question illustration
A
They are more interested in funding government operations than they are in winning elections.
B
They are as interested in funding their campaign efforts as they are in passing a bipartisan spending bill.
C
They are more concerned with the size of the government than they are with keeping the government operating.
D
They are as concerned with the political effects of their actions as they are with the passing of legislation.
17

Refer to the graph.What does the graph reveal about the effect of the structure of Congress?

Question illustration
A
It is difficult to get bills passed through both houses.
B
Congressional term limits prevent most bills from ever being discussed.
C
Bipartisan bills stand a better chance of being enacted as laws.
D
The committee system ensures that only the best ideas make it to a full chamber vote.
18

Refer to the graph.By the 113th Congress, what is the result of the increasing partisanship in both houses?

Question illustration
A
Fewer bills are becoming laws.
B
More bills are becoming laws.
C
More bills are being presented as measures for continuing or emergency appropriations.
D
The number of bills being enacted as law are not being impacted by increasing partisanship.
19

The US Supreme Court’s decisions sometimes conflict with public opinion or are opposed to the constitutional interpretations of the executive and legislative branches of government.

A
The president may fire the members of the court and appoint all new justices.
B
The executive branch can overturn court rulings through judicial oversight.
C
Congress may order the Supreme Court to revise an unpopular ruling.
D
The legislative branch can initiate the process to amend the Constitution to overturn previous rulings.
20

A Supreme Court is divided, having decided cases with 1-vote majorities. One justice is nearing retirement.

A
The election would likely go to whichever candidate promised to maintain the status quo on the court.
B
The impending vacancy on the court would have little effect on voter turnout, as the judiciary operates independently of the executive branch.
C
The impending vacancy on the court would likely provide powerful motivation for voters to swing the election to their party.
D
The election would most likely go to whichever candidate promised a new court justice to the weaker side of the court division.

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