AnswersSS4 PGCPS EARTH SPACE OC SUMMER 2027 - 794243Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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Which event occurs after Earth’s surface experiences weathering?

A
Wind carries sediments to a new location.
B
Ice forms cracks in large rocks.
C
Moving water breaks sediments into pieces.
D
Surface materials wear down into sediment.
2
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Scientists believe that some mass extinction events are possibly caused by asteroids, volcanic activity, or climate change. How many mass extinctions have occurred on Earth in the last 4.6 billion years?

A
0
B
1
C
5
D
10
3

How do oxbow lakes form?

A
Rivers are dammed, and the water builds up, creating a lake.
B
Runoff pools in areas of low elevation, creating a temporary lake.
C
Rivers wear away banks until the bank is broken and the river flows straight.
D
Glaciers leave deep channels in the ground, which fill with water and become a lake.
4

What happened to the giant landmass that Wegener described?

A
The pieces remained the same shape over time.
B
The pieces moved quickly to their current locations.
C
The pieces moved toward one another and created mountains.
D
The pieces broke apart and drifted away from one another over time.
5

About how old is the Sun?

A
1.2 billion years
B
4.6 billion years
C
6.4 billion years
D
8.2 billion years
6

Which planet in the solar system is least dense?

A
Jupiter
B
Mercury
C
Neptune
D
Saturn
7

Which statement describes potassium-argon dating?

A
Potassium-40 decays into argon gas over time.
B
Argon breaks down into other elements and compounds.
C
Potassium-40 becomes stable when trapped in rocks.
D
Argon is unstable and will decay into potassium-40 over time.
8

Why do scientists study seismographs?

A
to learn about different rock samples
B
to determine the location of an epicenter
C
to analyze mineral content from Earth’s crust
D
to observe temperature changes on Earth’s surface
9

Which statement describes one aspect of an earthquake’s magnitude?

A
It is measured by the Mercalli scale.
B
It is based on the size of seismic waves.
C
It is not usually affected by the amount of fault movement.
D
It is used to determine damage caused by earthquakes.
10

Which statement describes the law of superposition?

A
Sedimentary rocks were originally in horizontal layers.
B
In horizontal rock layers, each layer is younger than the one below it.
C
Rock layers must be in existence before something can happen to them.
D
Rocks that are not in horizontal layers were shifted by some geologic event.
11

Where does compression often occur?

A
along a normal fault
B
along a strike-slip fault
C
at a divergent boundary
D
at a convergent boundary
12

Which statement describes the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?

A
It is located using a single set of data.
B
It is determined by the Mercalli Scale.
C
It is determined by the arrival time of surface waves.
D
It is located at the point directly above the focus
13

Which statement accurately describes a half-life?

A
A rock’s size is determined by half-life.
A
All stable and unstable elements have a half-life.
A
An atom of an element becomes half its original size in a half-life.
A
A half-life is the time required for half of a radioactive element to decay.
14

Which is one physical property that all stars have?

A
They are made of gases.
B
They shine very brightly.
C
They have a triangle shape.
D
They contain iron in their cores.
15

What type of stress occurs when plates move apart?

A
compression
B
faulting
C
shearing
D
tension
16

Study this image.

Question illustration
A
Oceanic and continental plates are colliding.
B
Oceanic and continental plates are shifting past each other.
C
Two continental plates are forming a large mountain.
D
Two oceanic plates are creating several island chains.
17

Study the image of this rock.

Question illustration
A
jagged
B
oval
C
round
D
smooth
18

The image shows sedimentary rock layers.

Question illustration
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
19

A small, jagged particle with a density of 1.2 g/cm3 deposits on the ground before a large, round particle with a density of 0.82 g/cm3.Which most likely influences the rate of deposition of the jagged particle?

A
large size
B
low density
C
high density
D
irregular shape
20

Which example is indirect evidence used to study Earth’s interior?

A
composition of minerals in a rock
B
age of a rock from within Earth
C
location of an earthquake’s epicenter
D
texture of different core samples

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