AnswersFL-2001340-Environmental Science BHuman Impact on the Environment

Human Impact on the Environment — Cumulative exam Answers

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Which factors affect natural selection?

A
inheritance, isolation, adaptation
B
variation, overpopulation, adaptation
C
isolation, overpopulation, speciation
D
variation, inheritance, speciation
2
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This table lists examples of plants. Plant Classifications GymnospermsAngiospermsAFlowering plants, grains, and fruit treesConifers, cycads, and gingkosBGrains, flowering plants, and gingkosFruit trees, conifers, and cycadsCFruit trees, cycads, and grainsConifers, gingkos, and flowering plantsDConifers, cycads, and gingkosFlowering plants, grains, and fruit treesWhich row (A, B, C, or D) in the table accurately categorizes the plants as gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
3

Variations within a species are an important part of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Which example can be explained by individual variation?

A
The food source in a lake is not enough to support the bass population, but it can support the trout.
B
A population of brown bears has doubled in the past 10 years as its habitat size has increased.
C
Owls and foxes compete fiercely against each other for small rodents in their habitat.
D
Brightly colored cardinals are better able to survive and to reproduce than darker cardinals.
4

Scientists group organisms into kingdoms by looking at specific characteristics. Thermus aquaticus, shown below, is a specialized bacteria called a thermophile. Thermophiles are microorganisms that can live in bodies of water that are extremely hot, such as deep sea hydrothermal vents.Which characteristic most likely describes a mushroom but not Thermus aquaticus?

Question illustration
A
cell wall
B
eukaryotic
C
unicellular
D
prokaryotic
5

In the heart, one ventricle pushes blood with oxygen to the cells of the body. Where does the other ventricle push the blood without oxygen?

A
to the cells
B
to the tissues
C
to the lungs
D
to the heart
6

Arianne recently traveled abroad where she enjoyed eating food from different countries and learning about different cultures. A week after she returned home, she checked into the hospital with signs of nausea, fever, and diarrhea. What best explains what happened to Arianne?

A
A parasitic bacteria contaminated her food.
B
A mutualistic bacteria infected her digestive system.
C
A commensalistic organism is now living in her intestine.
D
A predatorial organism is consuming her natural bacteria.
7

Which animals use the specialized roles of diver and barrier while participating in cooperative hunting?

A
ants
B
zebra
C
bottlenose dolphins
D
wildebeests
8

What is the function of the type of muscle that is pictured below?

Question illustration
A
support and movement of the skeleton
B
movement of food through the digestive system
C
contraction and relaxation of the heart
D
generation and conduction of electrical signals
9

Stella is stressed about her upcoming midterm exams. Which glands are managing that stress during the tests?

A
reproductive and pancreas
B
thyroid and parathyroids
C
hypothalamus and pineal
D
pituitary and adrenals
10

What will happen to the frequency of the recessive allele for the HbS gene when there is an outbreak of malaria?

A
The frequency will increase.
B
The frequency will decrease.
C
The frequency will remain constant.
D
It is impossible to predict how the allele frequency will change.
E
The frequency will be cut in half with each generation.
11

If the producer population in an ecosystem decreased, what would most likely happen to the size of the herbivore population?

A
It would decrease.
B
It would double.
C
It would stay the same.
D
It would triple.
12

What hypothesis did Darwin investigate by studying the breeding of pigeons with distinctive traits?

A
New species can appear gradually through small changes in an ancestral species.
B
The amount of variation in a population is related to the type of environment it lives in.
C
Organisms have only the number of offspring that are supported by the environment.
D
Some traits appear in each generation, while others seem to disappear in some generations.
13

Consider the generalized cladogram of fish.Osteichthyes is a group of fish that have the derived characteristics of jaws and true bones. Which letter corresponds to where Osteichthyes belongs on the cladogram?

Question illustration
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
14

Which best explains why angiosperms are the most diverse and successful plant group today?

A
Reproduction is aided by flowers, protected seeds, and insect pollinators.
B
Water transport and photosynthesis are aided by vascular tissue.
C
Plant growth and increasing size are aided by a new way to distribute nutrients.
D
Reproduction is aided by exposed seeds and wind pollination.
15

There are four steps in bacterial conjugation. The second step is missing in this list.1. Special sex pilus connects two cells.2.3. Each cell makes a complementary DNA strand.4. The cells separate.Which is the missing step for the process of conjugation described?

A
Two new, identical cells are produced.
B
The cell membrane elongates and pinches off.
C
Some DNA moves from one cell to another.
D
A DNA molecule attaches to the cell membrane.
16

What is most likely to happen to a population of mice that becomes isolated on an island?

A
Many different species will form as they evolve and fill different niches on the island.
B
The population of mice will adapt to life on the island but will still be able to breed with the mainland population.
C
Many different species that are capable of breeding with each other will form.
D
The population of mice will evolve into a new species of mouse that is adapted to all the different niches that are found on the island.
17

Populations of organisms that exhibit a high degree of variation have a greater chance for survival than populations of organisms that show little variation. This statement is

A
always true.
B
usually true.
C
rarely true.
D
never true.
18

Gunther touched a hot object and received a minor burn. How did the skeletal system help prevent further damage?

A
The skeletal system helped him move his hand away from the hot object.
B
The skeletal system made red blood cells to heal the injury.
C
The skeletal system helped him sense that the object was hot.
D
The skeletal system protected the nervous system so pain sensations could not be felt when he touched the hot object.
19

Consider the group of giraffes in the image below.Which statement about the giraffes explains their evolution based on Charles Darwin’s main points?

Question illustration
A
The closest fossil ancestor to these giraffes would have a very short neck.
B
All three of the giraffes have an equal chance of reproducing regardless of the environment.
C
As a giraffe reached for food, the giraffe could make its neck longer making it better adapted to the environment.
D
Long necks were a random genetic change and resulted in the gradual increase of organisms with long necks.
20

Which organ systems work together to help the body shiver in order to maintain homeostasis?

A
circulatory and respiratory
B
nervous and muscular
C
circulatory and muscular
D
respiratory and nervous

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