In one community, most residents once belonged to a certain political party. However, over the past 15 years, the opposing party aired numerous commercials, made many "robocalls,” and used other methods to persuade voters to make a change. The advertisements often distorted the facts and spread disinformation about the other party. The methods were effective, however, and many residents switched from one party to the other. Today, they vote for candidates in their new party, even when it does not benefit them personally to make this choice.Which factor affected voting in this scenario?