Evolutionary Relationships — Cumulative exam Answers

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22
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What hypothesis did Darwin investigate by studying the breeding of pigeons with distinctive traits?

A
New species can appear gradually through small changes in an ancestral species.
B
The amount of variation in a population is related to the type of environment it lives in.
C
Organisms have only the number of offspring that are supported by the environment.
D
Some traits appear in each generation, while others seem to disappear in some generations.
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Which scenario breaks the law of segregation?

A
a gamete contains the father’s allele
B
the gametes produced each have 1 allele after meiosis II
C
a gamete produced has 2 of the same alleles after meiosis II
D
the gamete fertilized has the dominant trait
26

Barnacles and whales have a commensalistic relationship in which barnacles benefit. What would most likely happen to the whale population if the barnacle population decreased?

A
become extinct
B
decrease
C
increase
D
stay the same
27

The fossil record shows that the average size of black bears was large during cold glacial periods and got smaller during warmer time periods. What is this an example of?

A
directional selection
B
disruptive selection
C
ecosystem selection
D
stabilizing selection
28

Which best defines a diploid cell during meiosis?

A
a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
B
a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
C
a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell
D
a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell
29

Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of only water molecules?

A
active transport
B
osmosis
C
passive transport
D
dynamic equilibrium
30

Which structure will form when a primitive cell engulfs an aerobic bacterium?

A
mitochondria
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
D
cell membrane
31

What do sclerenchyma and collenchyma have in common?

A
They are both thin-walled.
B
They are both dead cells.
C
They both function for support.
D
They both function for food production and storage.
32

Which best illustrates the result of the process of meiosis?

A
A pea plant has the same flower color as its parent plants.
B
A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
C
A cheetah cub has very similar fur to its mother.
D
A Labrador puppy looks exactly like its father.
33

Read this passage about global fishing.Global consumption of large fish has led to an exploitation of fish populations. Overfishing has led to a decline in the populations of many species of large fish including North East Arctic Cod. The graph below shows the decline in the cod population.As the human population grows and countries continue to develop, the demand for large fish has been steadily increasing. Unfortunately, the average size of the cod has decreased because the fishing nets were designed to catch the large fish and the smaller individuals could escape more easily.What is most likely happening to the genetic variation of the population of North East Arctic Cod?

Question illustration
A
The genetic variation in the population is increasing due to selective pressure.
B
The genetic variation in the population is decreasing due to selective pressure.
C
The genetic variation in the population is increasing due to gene flow.
D
The genetic variation in the population is decreasing due to gene flow.
34

Shannon is making a Venn diagram to organize the characteristics of cell walls and cell membranes. Which pair of characteristics both belong in the two areas of the Venn diagram that do not intersect?

A
helps with communication; contains mostly cellulose
B
contains mostly cellulose; forms the outer layer of animal cells
C
is found in plant cells; is found in animal cells
D
is semipermeable; found in animal cells
35

Consider the cladogram.According to the cladogram, which characteristic was used to separate bony fish from amphibians?

Question illustration
A
jaws
B
cartilage
C
bony skeleton
D
lungs
36

These statements compare and contrast Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.I. Some species in both groups can cause plant diseases.II. Species from both groups can be used in making bread rise.III. All species in both groups can be used as food.IV. Ascomycota produce spores in a sac-like structure; Basidiomycota produce spores in a club-shaped structure. Which of the statements are true?

A
II and III
B
III and IV
C
I and IV
D
II and IV
37

Cacti typically grow in very dry climates with infrequent rainfall. When it does rain, the rain usually only penetrates a few inches into the soil. Which adaptation is most likely to help a cactus survive in the dry climate?

A
thick xylem tissue to transport sugar
B
leaves that have a thin cuticle
C
extensive shallow roots that absorb water
D
more dermal tissue for food storage
38

What is shown in the image?

Question illustration
A
prokaryote
B
eukaryote
C
chloroplast
D
mitochondrion
39

Which is a function of the cell membrane?

A
performs photosynthesis
B
controls what enters and leaves the cell
C
produces proteins
D
provides energy to the cell
40

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

A
Timeline
B
Flowchart
C
Organizational Chart
D
Diagram
E
Table
41

Which is the correct written form of the scientific name that uses the rules of binomial nomenclature?

A
Felis domesticus
B
Felis Domesticus
C
Felis domesticus
D
felis domesticus

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