Earth's Energy Budget — Cumulative exam Answers

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Which statement gives two characteristics of all liquids?

A
They spread out to fill space and have atoms that vibrate in place.
B
They have atoms that vibrate in place and have a definite shape.
C
They will change shape to fit a container and have definite volume.
D
They have definite volume and have atoms that move freely in all directions.
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Which of these most directly affects what happens to white light when it hits an object?

A
the properties of the object
B
the source of the light
C
the speed at which the light travels
D
the distance of the object from the light
3

What is magma?

A
solid rock with a fine texture
B
cooled rock with large crystals
C
molten rock below Earth’s surface
D
flowing rock above Earth’s surface
4

A cylinder at left with balls in a layer on the bottom of the cylinder has an arrow leading to a cylinder at right with balls stacked near the bottom of the cylinder.

Question illustration
A
Atoms gain energy as a solid changes to a gas.
B
Atoms gain energy as a liquid changes to a gas.
C
Atoms lose energy as a solid changes to a gas.
D
Atoms lose energy as a liquid changes to a gas.
5

What average global temperature is maintained when there is a balance in Earth’s energy budget?

A
1°C
B
15°C
C
37°C
D
98°C
6

Which process would correctly calculate the frequency of a wave?

A
dividing speed by wavelength
B
dividing frequency by wavelength
C
multiplying frequency by period
D
dividing wavelength by period
7

Which continents contain folded mountains that match up to form one continuous mountain chain, serving as evidence that they once belonged to one landmass called Pangaea?

A
Antarctica and Africa
B
Africa and North America
C
South America and Africa
D
Eurasia and South America
8

Bees can see into the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Compared with humans, bees can sense electromagnetic waves that have

A
a lower frequency and a shorter wavelength.
B
a higher frequency and a longer wavelength.
C
a lower frequency and a longer wavelength.
D
a higher frequency and a shorter wavelength.
9

A rock is found in an area that once had an active volcano and has since been affected by erosion. The rock has individual black and white crystals that are easy to see.Which other description fits the rock?

A
fine texture
B
cooled quickly
C
exposed to air and water
D
cooled inside the volcano
10

Four students are analyzing four different substances and recording their findings in this table.Which most describes this table?

Question illustration
A
Leonna has a solid, Xiao and Blake have liquids, and Amir has a gas.
B
Leonna and Amir have gasses, Xiao has a liquid, and Blake has a solid.
C
Leonna has a solid, Xiao has a liquid, Blake has a gas, and Amir made a mistake.
D
Leonna has a solid, Xiao has a liquid, Blake made a mistake, and Amir has a gas.
11

Which describes an effect that ocean currents have on short-term climate change?

A
Ocean currents increase the strength of prevailing winds, which can cool the air and land.
B
Ocean currents can carry cold water, which can cool the air and land.
C
Ocean currents increase hurricane activity, which can raise the temperature of the air and land.
D
Ocean currents carry cold water, which may not affect hurricane activity and lower the temperature of the air and land.
12

The image shows a type of fault.

Question illustration
A
compression
B
gravity
C
tension
D
shearing
13

During which changes of state do atoms that cannot move past one another become free to move?

A
vaporization and sublimation
B
boiling and deposition
C
sublimation and melting
D
condensation and melting
14

Which is a cause of desertification?

A
farming
B
creating reservoirs
C
overgrazing
D
driving motor vehicles
15

Which statement best compares the speed of a sound wave moving through a pot of boiling water and the water vapor above the pot?

A
The sound wave would move faster through the water than through the water vapor.
B
The sound wave would move slower through the water than through the water vapor.
C
The sound wave would move the same speed through the water and the water vapor.
D
The sound wave would move through the water and water vapor at the same speed, but decrease in speed at the transition point.
16

Which describes one characteristic of both El Niño and La Niña?

A
Both are causes of long-term climate change.
B
Both create warmer water.
C
Both occur in the Pacific Ocean.
D
Both are causes of hurricane activity.
17

Which do sound waves travel fastest through?

A
solids
B
gases
C
mixtures
D
liquids
18

Which shows the formula for converting from kelvins to degrees Celsius?

A
°C = (9/5 × K) +32
B
°C = 5/9 × (K – 32)
C
°C = K – 273
D
°C = K + 273
19

Which event can cause slumps, landslides, and mudflows to occur?

A
earthquakes
B
hurricanes
C
snowfalls
D
thunderstorms
20

The image shows rock layers and magma under Earth's surface.

Question illustration
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4

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