Answers FL-2002040-MJ Comprehensive Science 1 CRLab: Absorption and Radiation by Land and Water

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The diagram illustrates the water cycle.

Water cycles from a nonliving to a living part of the environment.

Water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Water changes from a gas to a liquid.

Water cycles from a living to a nonliving part of the environment.

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What is the potential energy of a 25 kg bicycle resting at the top of a hill 3 m high? (Formula: PE = mgh)

75 J

735 J

245 J

37.8 J

How is an occluded front different from a cold front?

Warm air is pushed up during an occluded front, while cold air moves quickly during a cold front.

Occluded fronts cause warm air to feel dry, while cold fronts cause ground temperatures to feel cooler.

Warm air moves slowly during an occluded front, while cold air is cut off from the ground in a cold front.

Occluded fronts cause rapid changes in weather conditions, while cold fronts cause widespread cloud formation.

Kiley, Jermaine, and Gunther are playing tug-of-war. Kiley and Jermaine are on the same side of the rope, and Gunther is on the other side. Kiley is exerting a force of 20 N, and Jermaine is exerting a force of 25 N.

45 N in the opposite direction as Kiley and Jermaine

20 N in the opposite direction as Kiley and Jermaine

20 N in the same direction as Kiley and Jermaine

45 N in the same direction as Kiley and Jermaine

Which term describes weathering?

breaks down rock

causes heating and cooling

makes pebbles and rocks larger

carries away fragments

A probe is launched from Earth and lands on Mars. The gravitational acceleration on Mars is 3.7 m/s2.

The mass of the probe remains the same, but the weight of the probe increases.

The mass of the probe remains the same, but the weight of the probe decreases.

The mass of the probe increases, but the weight of the probe remains the same.

The mass of the probe decreases, but the weight of the probe remains the same.

Which term refers to the ability to do work?

energy

power

force

motion

What is the kinetic energy of a toy truck with a mass of 0.75 kg and a velocity of 4 m/s? (Formula: )

3 J

6 J

12 J

24 J

Meteorology is the study of

radar.

meteors.

Earth’s satellites.

Earth’s atmosphere.

The image shows isotherms on a map.What temperature pattern do the isotherms show?

Temperatures increase from south to north.

There is a zone of low temperatures in the Southwest.

There is a zone of high temperatures in the center of the country.

Temperatures increase from the center of the country toward the Southeast.

Chris drew a diagram to compare the ways in which different organisms obtain nitrogen.

breathe in from atmosphere

produce themselves

eat other organisms

absorb from soil

Gina and her friends postponed their trip to the movies because a thunderstorm was brewing. Gina helped her mother with the laundry, Christopher decided to follow the updates about the thunderstorm on his computer, Rodney took a shower, and Pablo read a book in his room.

Gina

Christopher

Rodney

Pablo

Which statement explains what happens to sediment during deposition?

It is transported to a different location.

It is released from a transporting medium.

It settles down beneath existing sediment.

It breaks down into finer sediment particles.

Question text not available

The forces are balanced.

The box will move to the right.

The box will move to the left.

The forces are unbalanced.

Luz, who is skydiving, is traveling at terminal velocity with her body parallel to the ground. She then changes her body position to feet first toward the ground. What happens to her motion?

She will continue to fall at the same terminal velocity because gravity has not changed.

She will slow down because the air resistance will increase and be greater than gravity.

She will speed up because air resistance will decrease and be less than gravity.

She will begin to fall in free fall because she will have no air resistance acting on her.

A weather forecaster describes the condition over Florida as having thunderstorms, rotating winds at 60 miles per hour, and heavy rain. Which natural hazard is happening?

a thunderstorm

a hurricane

a tropical cyclone

a flood

Mining is a factor that affects the shape of Florida. Which two products contain materials that are mined in the state?

pencils and rock salt

rock salt and bricks

bricks and plastics

plastics and pencils

Which type of mass movement is the most destructive?

creep

erosion

landslide

slump

Which effect is most likely from a hurricane?

damaged homes due to flooding

forest fires due to lightning strikes

cars sucked in due to a low-pressure center

damaged personal property due to hail

Which two characteristics are shared by all thunderstorms, tornados, and hurricanes?

clouds and wind

eyes and clouds

warm, dry air and wind

large waves and warm, dry air

When a volcano erupts, tiny particles from which of Earth’s spheres are released into the air?

atmosphere

biosphere

geosphere

hydrosphere

The cryosphere is part of which sphere of the Earth system?

atmosphere

biosphere

geosphere

hydrosphere

The field lines around one end of a bar magnet are shown below.

It is a south pole because the field lines spread out from this end.

It is a north pole because the field lines spread out from this end.

It is a south pole because the field lines enter the magnet at this end.

It is a north pole because the field lines enter the magnet at this end.

A magnet placed against the wall of a metal shed falls to the ground, where it attracts a nail. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

The wall is the opposite pole from the magnet.

The shed is not made of iron or steel.

The magnet is not magnetized.

The nail pulled the magnet to the ground.

When does the Northern Hemisphere receive the fewest hours of daylight?

during the fall equinox

during the winter solstice

during the spring equinox

during the summer solstice

A car has a mass of 1,200 kg. What is its acceleration when the engine exerts a force of 600 N? (Formula: F=ma)

0.5 m/s2

2 m/s2

600 m/s2

1,800 m/s2

Note the locations of Kansas, Florida, Brazil, Bolivia, and Uruguay on the map.

Bolivia

Brazil

Kansas

Uruguay

On a test, Helena is defining energy. Which must she include in order to get her answer marked correct?

making objects more compact

the ability to do work

carrying through matter and space

the bonds of atoms

How do rock types contribute to the rate of weathering?

Porous minerals weather faster.

Harder minerals break apart more easily.

Minerals that dissolve easily weather slower.

Permeable rocks have less chemical reactions.

Which statement best describes a characteristic of maritime polar air masses?

They occur mostly during the summer.

They form over water with cool, moist air.

They bring dense, heavy snow in the winter.

They have cool, dry air that forms over land.

Which action can humans take to reduce wave erosion?

build drainage systems

build houses near coastlines

build breakwaters in the ocean

reduce vegetation along coastlines

Which materials are moved by runoff?

nutrients

vegetation

large rocks

paved surfaces

Two objects are held close together. When they are released, they move toward one another. Which conclusion is supported by this evidence?

The objects are both positively charged.

The objects are both negatively charged.

The objects have no charge.

The objects have opposite charges.

An object is moving north at a constant speed. A force of 5 N begins to push the object east at the same moment that a force of 5 N begins to push it west. What will happen to the object?

The object will turn toward the west.

The object will slow down and stop.

The object will accelerate toward the east.

The object will continue moving north.

Which is one factor that contributes to the formation of polar, temperate, and tropical zones?

the angle of the Sun’s rays

the direction of seasonal winds

the presence of prevailing winds

the movement of wind near a mountain

Which change will decrease the electric force between two positively charged objects?

moving them closer together

moving them farther apart

adding neutrons

removing electrons

Which condition causes storms to occur?

freezing of water droplets

sudden change in air pressure

condensation of water vapor

rapid heating of upper atmosphere

Falak lists the four events involved in the formation of sinkholes.W - Acidic rainwater dissolves the limestone bedrock.X - Large cavities form in the bedrock.Y - Natural holes and cracks become bigger.Z - The ceiling collapses due to the weight of sediment.

W, X, Y, Z

W, Y, X, Z

W, Z, Y, X

W, Z, X, Y

Which statement best compares the accelerations of two objects in free fall?

The heavier object has a greater acceleration.

The object that has the greater surface area has the lower acceleration.

The object that has the smaller mass has the greater acceleration.

The objects have the same acceleration.

An electroscope is a device that detects charge on objects that touch it or are brought near it. John rubs a piece of cotton fabric on a plastic rod and then touches the rod to the electroscope.

John charges the rod through induction, then charges the electroscope through friction.

John charges the rod through conduction, then charges the electroscope through induction.

John charges the rod through friction, then charges the electroscope through induction.

John charges the rod through friction, then charges the electroscope through conduction.

Mr. Holloway uses these phrases to describe a factor that shapes Florida.1. stores material to fight against coastal erosion2. protects inland areas from storm surges and waves

aquifers

sand dunes

sinkholes

springs

Which describes a way that prevailing winds control precipitation totals in a region?

They cause oceanic winds to carry water vapor.

They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as it moves toward land.

They increase the occurrence of droughts in the winter.

They reduce rainfall on the leeward side of a mountain.

If Jerome is swinging on a rope and transferring energy from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy, what is being done?

compression

work

radiation

energy creation

Which is one way that waves erode coastlines?

Back-and-forth movement loosens sediment and rock.

Large rocks are picked up and deposited in new areas.

Continuous impacts build up sediment and rock.

Loose sediment is picked up and blown to other locations.

Which condition causes changes in air pressure in the atmosphere?

building clouds

rapid air movement

condensation of water vapor

uneven heating of Earth’s surface

What role does weathering have in shaping Earth’s surface?

It allows sediments to fall out of a medium.

It helps sediments settle on a new surface.

It breaks down older material into sediments.

It transports sediments to a different location.

Which phrase best describes the biosphere?

the rocks on land and in the water

the plants on land and in the water

the animals in the air, on land, and in the water

the organisms in the air, on land, and in the water

Which processes result in the release of carbon? Select three options.Animals break down food molecules to obtain energy.The remains of producers are broken down by decomposers.The remains of consumers are broken down by soil decomposers.Producers take in carbon dioxide.Producers make sugars and starches.

Animals break down food molecules to obtain energy.

The remains of producers are broken down by decomposers.

The remains of consumers are broken down by soil decomposers.

Producers take in carbon dioxide.

Producers make sugars and starches.

A bowling ball has a mass of 7.2 kg and a weight of 70.6 N. It moves down the bowling alley at 1 m/s and strikes a pin with a force of 15.0 N. What is the force that the pin exerts on the bowling ball?

7.2 N

15.0 N

70.6 N

85.6 N

What determines the path that an object in projectile motion follows? (Ignore air resistance)

gravity only

inertia only

gravity and inertia

neither gravity or inertia

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