DNA and Protein Synthesis — Test Answers

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1
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Which disorder is produced as a result of the final chromosomal change shown in the diagram?

A
DiGeorge syndrome
B
fragile X syndrome
C
Robertsonian translocation
D
Klinefelter syndrome
2
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Which chromosomal change is represented?

A
deletion
B
translocation
C
insertion
D
inversion
5

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

A
nucleus
B
mitochondria
C
ribosomes
D
cytoplasm
6

Which statement best explains why the process of genetic engineering is important to the scientific community?

A
Genetic engineering is a research tool that can advance the usefulness of recombinant DNA.
B
Genetic engineering provides an increased cost to laboratory work resulting in more advances.
C
Genetic engineering can enhance the taste of food for consumers.
D
Genetic engineering provides crops that are less expensive to grow.
7

Which DNA fingerprinting technique examines the length variation of DNA repeat sequences in human DNA?

A
polymerase chain reaction analysis
B
variable tandem repeats analysis
C
mitochondrial DNA analysis
D
Y chromosome analysis
8

Which best matches a type of genetic material with its description?

A
Nucleotides form a helical structure that is called a gene.
B
Genes combine to form structures called nucleotides.
C
Chromosomes create genes.
D
DNA is located in the nucleus.
10

Which best describes a centromere?

A
paired chromosomes that have genes arranged in the same order
B
the material that makes up a chromosome
C
sister chromosomes that are held together by a chromatid
D
the part of a chromosome that joins the sister chromatids
11

What can a person do to limit exposure to X-rays?

A
avoid chemicals
B
wear a protective vest
C
avoid cigarette smoke
D
wear sunblock
12

Which process is part of translation but not transcription?

A
An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.
B
A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
C
A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.
D
A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
14

Which of these correctly organizes these genetic terms in order from smallest to largest?

A
nucleotide, gene, DNA molecule, chromosome
B
DNA molecule, nucleotide, chromosome, gene
C
DNA molecule, nucleotide, gene, chromosome
D
chromosome, gene, nucleotide, DNA molecule
15

Which is a frameshift mutation?

A
substitution
B
deletion
C
nonsense
D
silent
16

What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?

A
He discovered how the DNA bases pair together.
B
He created the first accurate model of DNA's structure.
C
He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.
D
He created the first photograph of the structure of DNA.
17

All of these would be visible on a karyotype except

A
aneuploidy.
B
polysomy.
C
histones.
D
trisomy.
18

Maria is concerned because she has been exposed to a small amount of radiation during an X-ray. What is her doctor most likely to tell her?

A
Mutagens have no effect on the body unless you have inherited them.
B
Radiations from X-rays is not a mutagen.
C
Small amounts of a mutagen often do not have an effect on health.
D
Severe mutations are usually caused by small amounts of a mutagen.
19

Scientists have genetically engineered potato plants to produce potatoes that contain edible vaccines. Which is a disadvantage of the genetically engineered potatoes?

A
They have nutritional value while potatoes without the vaccine do not.
B
They are easier to transport and store than injectable vaccines (shots).
C
They make it easier to administer edible vaccines.
D
They are more expensive than potatoes without the vaccine.
20

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

A
RNA instructs DNA to make proteins.
B
DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.
C
RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D
DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.

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