AnswersCMS 2026-2027 Biology CREDIT RECOVERYGenetics and Heredity

Genetics and Heredity — Test Answers

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1
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Which Punnett square represents a cross between two parents that are heterozygous for purple flowers?

A
Image with description A 2 by 2 Punnett square with column headers lowercase f and lowercase f and row labels lowercase f and lowercase f. The four boxes show ff, ff, ff, and ff.
B
Image with description A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper F and Upper F. The rows are labeled Upper F and f. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper F Upper F, Upper F Upper F, Upper F f, Upper F f.
C
Image with description A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper F and Upper F. The rows are labeled Upper F and f. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper F Upper F, Upper F Upper F, Upper F f, Upper F f.
D
Image with description A 2 by 2 Punnett square with column headers uppercase F and lowercase f and row labels uppercase F and lowercase f. The four boxes show FF, Ff, Ff, and ff.
2
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Gregor Mendel used pea plants that were heterozygous for each of two traits—seed color and seed shape—to generate a dihybrid cross. The phenotypic ratio of the resulting offspring was nine with round and yellow seeds, three with round and green seeds, three with wrinkled and yellow seeds, and one with wrinkled and green seeds. From these results, what could Mendel conclude?

A
Traits are inherited as pairs, sets, or groups.
B
Gametes carry one allele for each trait.
C
Traits that are dominant mask traits that are recessive.
D
Traits are passed independently of one another.
3

Which of Mendel’s generations was allowed to self-pollinate?

A
cap f sub 1 generation
B
cap p generation
C
cap p generation and cap f sub 2 generation
D
cap f sub 1 generation and cap f sub 2 generation
4

Round seeds and yellow seed color are dominant to wrinkled seeds and green seed color. What is the probability of having offspring that have wrinkled seeds and yellow seed color for the cross RRYY times RrYy ?

A
50 percent
B
0 percent
C
100 percent
D
25 percent
5

In a dihybrid cross for round and yellow seeds (RrYy x RrYy), what is the probability of having green and wrinkled seeds? Key: R is equal to round r is equal to wrinkled Y is equal to yellow y is equal to green

A
1 : 16
B
3 : 16
C
8 : 16
D
9 : 16
6

Which allele combination represents a male who has an cap x -linked recessive disorder?

A
cap x to the cap r th power cap y
B
cap x to the r th power cap y
C
cap x to the r th power cap x to the r th power
D
cap x to the cap r th power cap x to the r th power
7

Breeders can use a Punnett square to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. If the genotype of both parents was Aa, what would be expected of the genotypes among their possible offspring?

A
Half would have the genotype AA .
B
Half would have the genotype Aa.
C
Three-quarters would have the genotype Aa .
D
Three-quarters would have the genotype aa .
8

Which trait is determined by both genetics and the environment?

A
eye color
B
a scar
C
blood type
D
athletic ability
9

A purebred plant that has yellow flowers is crossed with a purebred plant that has white flowers. All the offspring have yellow flowers. Which conclusion about yellow flowers is supported by these results?

A
Yellow flower color is a heterozygous trait.
B
Yellow flower color is a dominant trait.
C
Yellow flower color is a monohybrid trait.
D
Yellow flower color is a recessive trait.
10

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Studies have linked a common form of glaucoma to three genes and more than 20 genetic loci. Which best describes glaucoma?

A
a polygenic trait that is influenced by the alleles of several genes
B
a codominant trait that is expressed more often when more dominant alleles are present
C
a dominant trait that depends on the presence of only one of many dominant alleles
D
a recessive trait that requires multiple recessive alleles to be expressed
11

A pea plant exhibits a recessive trait. Which statement is most likely true about the plant?

A
The plant has two identical alleles for the gene that codes for the trait.
B
The plant does not have the same genes for the trait as its parent plant.
C
The plant is identical to its parent plant.
D
The plant has different alleles for the gene that codes for the trait.
12

If a person has type B blood, which statement describes the antibodies present in his or her blood?

A
Only anti-B antibodies are present.
B
Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies are present.
C
Only anti-A antibodies are present.
D
Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies are present.
13

Which of these could be a result of selective breeding?

A
higher yield in corn reproduction
B
rose bushes that grow without water
C
corn having potato offspring
D
pine trees that never produce seeds
14

Which is an external environmental factor that affects heredity?

A
gender
B
hormones
C
nutrition
D
structural differences
15

Mary has type A blood. Her son Bill has type AB blood. Which blood type does Bill's dad have if he is homogenous for blood type?

A
B
B
A
C
O
D
AB
16

A scientist is studying fruit fly wings. Straight wings are dominant, and curly wings are recessive. Which statement correctly describes the cap f sub 1 generation if a straight-winged parent is crossed with a curly-winged parent and if both parents are true breeding?

A
The offspring will have one allele for straight wings and one allele for curly wings.
B
The offspring will have only one kind of allele for the gene that determines wing type.
C
The offspring will have two genes for straight wings.
D
The offspring will produce only gametes that have genes for curly wings.
17

Paolo hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs. He collects data about several dogs. The data show that dogs that live outdoors have thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. What should Paolo conclude?

A
Dogs that have thick leg muscles require more exercise.
B
Inheritance alone may not account for thick leg muscles.
C
Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may not survive indoors.
D
Inheritance of thick leg muscles is associated with coat thickness.
18

In peas, yellow seed color (Y) is dominant to green seed color (y). Which describes an organism that has nonidentical alleles for seed color?

A
yy and has green seeds
B
YY and has yellow seeds
C
Yy and has yellow seeds
D
Yy and has green seeds
19

In the cap f sub 2 generation of Mendel’s crosses,

A
one in four plants had two alleles for the recessive trait.
B
all plants had both the dominant and recessive alleles.
C
half of the plants had the dominant allele.
D
all plants had the dominant trait.
20

Which statement about this family’s pedigree is correct?

A
Lauren carried the gene for color blindness, but Marco did not.
B
Marco carried the gene for color blindness, but Lauren did not.
C
Frank and Caleb both carried genes for color blindness.
D
Marco and Lauren both carried genes for color blindness.

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