Earth-Moon-Sun System Answers

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Which statements describe the relationship of Earth and its moon? Check all that apply.The moon orbits Earth following a nearly circular path.The gravitational pull of Earth on the moon is parallel to the velocity of the moon.The moon orbits Earth in 1 Earth day.The same face of the moon always points toward Earth.The moon’s orbit is the result of the interaction between the moon’s inertia and the gravitational force from Earth.

A
The moon orbits Earth following a nearly circular path.
B
The gravitational pull of Earth on the moon is parallel to the velocity of the moon.
C
The moon orbits Earth in 1 Earth day.
D
The same face of the moon always points toward Earth.
E
The moon’s orbit is the result of the interaction between the moon’s inertia and the gravitational force from Earth.
3

Dewayne reviews Kepler’s laws by making the table shown. Which label belongs in each cell of the table?

Question illustration
A
W: FirstX: SecondY: Third
B
W: ThirdX: SecondY: First
C
W: ThirdX: FirstY: Second
D
W: SecondX: ThirdY: First
5

The image shows Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

Question illustration
A
The speed increases from W to X because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction opposite to the velocity.
B
The speed increases from W to X because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction of the velocity.
C
The speed increases from X to W because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction opposite to the velocity.
D
The speed increases from X to W because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction of the velocity.
6

Which best describes how Johannes Kepler developed his laws of planetary motion?

A
He calculated the gravitational force on orbiting bodies.
B
He debated with Copernicus who proposed the heliocentric model.
C
He examined the motions of planets through a telescope.
D
He analyzed data collected by Tycho Brahe.
7

To solve a problem using the equation for Kepler’s third law, Enrico must convert the average distance of Mars from the Sun from meters into astronomical units.

A
multiply the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
B
multiply 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
C
divide the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
D
divide 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
9

Based on Kepler’s work, which best describes the orbit of a planet around the Sun?

A
a circle with the Sun at the very center
B
an ellipse with the Sun at the very center
C
a circle with the Sun at one edge
D
an ellipse with the Sun at one focus
10

Johannes Kepler is known for which discovery in astronomy?

A
discovering planets around other stars
B
determining planetary laws of motion
C
recording 20 years of data about planetary motion
D
proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system

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