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Earth-Moon-Sun System Answers

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What is an astronomical unit (AU)?

A
the diameter of the Sun
B
the radius of the Sun
C
the average distance between Earth and its moon
D
the average distance between Earth and the Sun
2
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Based on Kepler’s work, which best describes the orbit of a planet around the Sun?

A
a circle with the Sun at the very center
B
an ellipse with the Sun at the very center
C
a circle with the Sun at one edge
D
an ellipse with the Sun at one focus
3

The mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030 kg, and the distance between Neptune and the Sun is 30 AU. What is the orbital period of Neptune in Earth years?

A
30 Earth years
B
164 Earth years
C
3.8 × 1011 Earth years
D
2.3 × 1017 Earth years
4

Dewayne reviews Kepler’s laws by making the table shown. Which label belongs in each cell of the table?

Question illustration
A
W: FirstX: SecondY: Third
B
W: ThirdX: SecondY: First
C
W: ThirdX: FirstY: Second
D
W: SecondX: ThirdY: First
5

The solar mass of the Sun is 1. The orbital period of Jupiter is 11.9 Earth years.

A
5.2 AU
B
41 AU
C
52 AU
D
410 AU
6

[BLANK]

A
less than
B
two times greater than
C
the same as
D
three times greater than
7

The table shows information about two of the major moons of Uranus.MoonOrbital Period (days)Average Distance from Uranus (km)Miranda0.319129,390Titania 8.71435,910What is the average distance between Miranda and Uranus?

A
2.84 × 104 km
B
1.29 × 105 km
C
1.47 × 106 km
D
4.65 × 107 km
8

The image shows Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

Question illustration
A
The speed increases from W to X because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction opposite to the velocity.
B
The speed increases from W to X because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction of the velocity.
C
The speed increases from X to W because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction opposite to the velocity.
D
The speed increases from X to W because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction of the velocity.
9

Which best describes how Johannes Kepler developed his laws of planetary motion?

A
He calculated the gravitational force on orbiting bodies.
B
He debated with Copernicus who proposed the heliocentric model.
C
He examined the motions of planets through a telescope.
D
He analyzed data collected by Tycho Brahe.
10

Which quantities decrease as the distance between a planet and the Sun increases? Check all that apply.

A
tangential speed
B
mass
C
gravitational force
D
area swept out in a day
E
distance traveled in a day

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