How is capacitance related to the distance between the plates of a capacitor?

For a parallel-plate capacitor, capacitance is given by C = εA/d, where ε is the material’s permittivity, A is the plate area, and d is the distance between the plates. Because d is in the denominator, capacitance is inversely proportional to plate distance: increasing the distance decreases the capacitance. Therefore, choice D, “It is inversely proportional, so the capacitance decreases as the distance increases,” is correct.

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