AnswersIC_IPC_A_3141_SAISD 25-26Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws

Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws Answers

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Which statement describes a scientific theory?

A
A theory states how something behaves without explaining why.
B
A theory is a proven fact that cannot be changed.
C
A theory changes based on new observations and testing.
D
A theory is based on a single hypothesis or observation.
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Every object that has mass attracts every other object with a gravitational force. It has been proven that the size of the gravitational force increases as the objects’ masses increase, but gravitational force decreases rapidly as the distance between the objects increases.Which best describes this statement about matter and its behavior?

A
hypothesis
B
theory
C
law
D
explanation
3

Initially, scientists described atoms as the smallest particles of matter. However, smaller particles within atoms were discovered.How did the scientific world respond to this new information?

A
by ignoring the new information because it went against a scientific law
B
by discarding the old theory about atoms and making a new one
C
by revising the theory that explained atoms to include this new information
D
by designing new technology that would prove the new information was wrong
4

Omar wrote a hypothesis about batteries called dry cells.If more dry cells are connected end to end, a light bulb will work longer because there is more energy available.What are the variables in his hypothesis?

A
The independent variable is the number of dry cells, and the dependent variable is the length of time the bulb works.
B
The independent variable is the length of time the bulb works, and the dependent variable is the number of dry cells.
C
The independent variable is the number of dry cells, and the dependent variable is the amount of energy available.
D
The independent variable is the amount of energy available, and the dependent variable is the number of dry cells.
5

Which phrase is most likely to start a description of a scientific theory?

A
“What I have found through my online research is . . .”
B
“After much thought, I believe that the best explanation is . . .”
C
“Based on the observations made and experiments performed over the last fifty years . . .”
D
“If sunlight shines on the right side of a plant, then the plant will grow toward the right because . . .”
6

Under what condition will the results of an experiment based on a hypothesis most likely lead to new experimentation?

A
when the results support an existing theory
B
when the results support an existing law
C
when the results do not match the experimenter’s predictions
D
when the results agree with the experimenter’s predictions
7

For which of these questions could a testable hypothesis be developed?

A
What is the best action movie?
B
Which theme park is the most fun?
C
What makes a baseball bounce?
D
Where can you find the best ice cream?
8

Doctors once believed that illness was caused by foul air and could not be transmitted from one person to another. Now, doctors know that single-celled bacteria and even smaller viruses cause illnesses and can be transmitted from one person to another.How did the advent of the microscope most likely affect the foul-air theory?

A
It supported the theory of foul air causing illness and helped the theory become a law.
B
It provided evidence for other causes of illness, but scientists did not change the theory.
C
It allowed scientists to change the theory before any new information was collected.
D
It allowed scientists to see small organisms in sick individuals and change the theory.
9

Nathan hypothesized that if the temperature of liquid water increased, the density would decrease because the volume would increase. He collected the data in the table below.

Question illustration
A
The data support his hypothesis, so he should investigate if the same change happens in the density of solid water.
B
The data do not support his hypothesis, so he should investigate the effect of temperature on the density of a different substance.
C
The data do not support his hypothesis, so he should investigate why the density is greatest at 4°C.
D
The data support his hypothesis, so he should investigate the effect of density on the volume of a different substance.
10

After an investigation, Kuri determines that her hypothesis was wrong. What is the best thing for Kuri to do next?

A
propose a scientific theory that explains what went wrong
B
write a new hypothesis and conduct new experiments to explore the matter
C
rewrite a scientific law to better predict the observations she gathered
D
move on to a different topic because there is no value in a wrong hypothesis

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