AnswersFL-2003010-MJ Physical ScienceHypotheses, Theories, and Laws

Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws Answers

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Initially, scientists described atoms as the smallest particles of matter. However, smaller particles within atoms were discovered.How did the scientific world respond to this new information?

A
by ignoring the new information because it went against a scientific law
B
by discarding the old theory about atoms and making a new one
C
by revising the theory that explained atoms to include this new information
D
by designing new technology that would prove the new information was wrong
2
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Based on early observations, including those in the table below, scientists proposed that the continents were once together but had drifted apart. However, scientists could not identify anything that would make them move. New technology, such as a worldwide network of earthquake detectors, led to new observations. Then scientists proposed that Earth’s surface was divided into tectonic plates that would move as a result of forces linked to earthquakes and the formation of new ocean floor.

Question illustration
A
Continental drift was the hypothesis that led to the theory of plate tectonics.
B
Continental drift was the theory that became the law of plate tectonics.
C
The theory of continental drift was modified based on the new observations to become the theory of plate tectonics.
D
The theory of continental drift was proven false, and the law of plate tectonics took its place.
3

For which question could a testable hypothesis be developed?

A
What is the best-tasting apple?
B
Does all wood float in water?
C
Are kittens cuter than puppies?
D
What color of flower is the prettiest?
4

Nathan hypothesized that if the temperature of liquid water increased, the density would decrease because the volume would increase. He collected the data in the table below.

Question illustration
A
The data support his hypothesis, so he should investigate if the same change happens in the density of solid water.
B
The data do not support his hypothesis, so he should investigate the effect of temperature on the density of a different substance.
C
The data do not support his hypothesis, so he should investigate why the density is greatest at 4°C.
D
The data support his hypothesis, so he should investigate the effect of density on the volume of a different substance.
5

Chan Hee is inflating a basketball using an air pump. He notices that the pump gets warm as he uses it. What is a good hypothesis that could lead to new experimentation?

A
If there is no air in a basketball, then it is hard to play the game.
B
A basketball that is inflated bounces better than one that is not inflated.
C
If air in a pump is squeezed more, then the air gets hotter because energy is added to it.
D
Basketball is more fun to play than baseball because you have to move a lot more.
6

Which phrase is most likely to start a description of a scientific theory?

A
“What I have found through my online research is . . .”
B
“After much thought, I believe that the best explanation is . . .”
C
“Based on the observations made and experiments performed over the last fifty years . . .”
D
“If sunlight shines on the right side of a plant, then the plant will grow toward the right because . . .”
7

For which of these questions could a testable hypothesis be developed?

A
What is the best action movie?
B
Which theme park is the most fun?
C
What makes a baseball bounce?
D
Where can you find the best ice cream?
8

Doctors once believed that illness was caused by foul air and could not be transmitted from one person to another. Now, doctors know that single-celled bacteria and even smaller viruses cause illnesses and can be transmitted from one person to another.How did the advent of the microscope most likely affect the foul-air theory?

A
It supported the theory of foul air causing illness and helped the theory become a law.
B
It provided evidence for other causes of illness, but scientists did not change the theory.
C
It allowed scientists to change the theory before any new information was collected.
D
It allowed scientists to see small organisms in sick individuals and change the theory.
9

After an investigation, Kuri determines that her hypothesis was wrong. What is the best thing for Kuri to do next?

A
propose a scientific theory that explains what went wrong
B
write a new hypothesis and conduct new experiments to explore the matter
C
rewrite a scientific law to better predict the observations she gathered
D
move on to a different topic because there is no value in a wrong hypothesis
10

Every object that has mass attracts every other object with a gravitational force. It has been proven that the size of the gravitational force increases as the objects’ masses increase, but gravitational force decreases rapidly as the distance between the objects increases.Which best describes this statement about matter and its behavior?

A
hypothesis
B
theory
C
law
D
explanation

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