1
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New YorkPennsylvaniaMassachusettsNew Jersey

A
New York
B
Pennsylvania
C
Massachusetts
D
New Jersey
2
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Minimum wageChild laborUnion membershipWorkers’ compensation

A
Minimum wage
B
Child labor
C
Union membership
D
Workers’ compensation
3

If union contracts raise wages above competitive levels, what might be one negative outcome?

I
Industries will raise salaries for top-level workers but not entry-level workers.
C
Companies will move overseas to escape unions and hire cheaper labor.
I
Inexperienced workers will lose their jobs to more experienced workers.
E
Employees will be content with their status and thus less likely to join unions.
4

The graph shows labor union membership.

Question illustration
A
in 1945 and 1955
B
in 1960 and 1970
C
in 1930 and 1950
D
in 1965 and 1970
5

Both newspaper journalists and postal workers have been negatively affected by

A
the popularity of electronic communication and the Internet.
B
declining literacy rates and lack of interest in reading.
C
government budget cuts that led to fewer jobs in these fields.
D
competition with cheaper labor performed by overseas workers.
6

What is the definition of collective bargaining?

A
ongoing salary negotiations between an employee and a factory owner
B
an agreement among a group of factory owners to raise worker wages
C
a written set of guidelines about legal and illegal workplace conditions
D
labor union and employer negotiations about wages and other issues
7

What event had an enormous effect on US workplace safety?

A
a new minimum wage
B
the first labor union
C
a worker strike
D
a deadly factory fire
8

most

e
employers, who are less likely to lose income and productivity due to serious employee injuries
q
qualified workers with disabilities, against whom employers may no longer discriminate
a
all workers, who are less likely to miss work because of injury or face high medical bills
r
rival companies, which gain an advantage by using more cost-effective safety measures
10

One argument in favor of labor unions is that they

h
help create many new jobs.
s
support both owners and workers.
g
give workers job security.
e
eliminate unqualified workers.

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Labor Answers — Personal Financial and Money…