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Metamorphic Rock — Quiz Answers

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1
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Assume that scientists are building a 3-D model to show how metamorphic rocks form around the magma body. Which relationship should the model emphasize?

A
Heat and groundwater interact to dissolve minerals and rebuild them into identical rock layers nearby.
B
Pressure and uplift interact to melt existing rock and create new igneous layers within the crust.
C
Cooling and erosion interact to break apart solid rock and return it to a sedimentary state.
D
Heat and pressure interact to change solid rock by reorganizing minerals without melting.
2
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Which factor would most strongly determine whether the buried rock begins to respond unevenly across its interior?

A
differences in how far heat can reach across the rock from one side
B
the age and location of the original crust where the rock formed
C
equal buildup of pressure from all directions over time
D
the total weight of overlying layers pressing down on the surface
3

Imagine that the magma chamber slowly cooled and hardened while the weight of the overlying rock layers stayed the same. What would most likely happen to the metamorphic conditions in the surrounding rock?

A
Heat would decrease while pressure remained constant, reducing the amount of mineral change over time.
B
Heat would increase as the magma solidified, creating new mineral layers around the hardened rock.
C
Pressure would drop as the magma cooled, increasing crystal size and forming new foliation bands.
D
Both heat and pressure would rise, turning the rock directly above the chamber into partially melted material.
4

How does the progression from sample S1 to S-4 demonstrate the relationship between mineral composition and rock structure during metamorphism?

A
As minerals break apart into smaller grains, they lose alignment and create weaker foliation across the rock.
B
As minerals dissolve into surface fluids, they leave pores that disrupt the rock's overall foliation pattern.
C
As minerals melt into liquid magma, they cool rapidly and form irregular crystalline foliation throughout the rock.
D
As minerals recrystallize into more stable forms, they align under pressure to create increasingly distinct foliation in the rock.
5

Assume that two regions experienced the same temperature but very different pressures. How would their rock structures most likely differ?

A
Rocks exposed to higher pressure would melt completely into igneous magma, while rocks under lower pressure would stay compact and crystalline.
B
Rocks exposed to higher pressure would develop stronger foliation with aligned minerals, while rocks under lower pressure would remain massive and unlayered.
C
Rocks exposed to higher pressure would develop glassy surfaces with random fractures, while rocks under lower pressure would show weak foliation and fine grains.
D
Rocks exposed to higher pressure would remain fine-grained and dull, while rocks under lower pressure would form coarse crystals and visible foliation.
6

What overall trend is observed in the data as both heat and pressure increase with depth?

A
Minerals become larger and more stable, and rock texture shifts from fine-grained to foliated.
B
Minerals become smaller and less stable, and rock texture shifts from foliated to fine-grained.
C
Minerals melt completely, producing igneous textures instead of metamorphic ones.
D
Minerals remain unchanged, but pressure causes random fracture patterns to appear.
7

Assume that a sample was collected at 12 km depth where temperature and pressure. What mineral and textural features would most likely appear?

A
Large garnet crystals with strong foliation and folded layers.
B
Melted quartz forming glassy textures typical of volcanic rocks.
C
Unchanged clay minerals with no visible layering or mineral realignment.
D
Mica and newly formed biotite with clear mineral alignment and moderate foliation.
8

Why do minerals such as garnet and kyanite only appear in the deepest, hottest sample?

A
They develop only when surface water reacts with minerals, forming new low-density crystal structures.
B
They are stable only under extreme temperature and pressure, where atoms rearrange into new crystal structures.
C
They appear only when magma cools quickly, forming lightweight crystals with open atomic structures.
D
They form only at cooler temperatures near the surface, where atoms move freely and grow rapidly.
9

Which process at the Corven site most directly caused the observed structural and compositional change?

A
Intense pressure from the overlying layers compacted minerals into distinct foliation bands across the rock.
B
Heat and dissolved materials from circulating fluids transferred energy into cracks, forming new mineral veins.
C
Cooling groundwater replaced metallic minerals with silicates, filling empty spaces between older crystals.
D
Expanding gases from the magma chamber pushed upward, forcing crystals to grow along fracture boundaries.
10

Assume that a new site indicates that rocks were briefly heated by a magma pocket but experienced almost no directional pressure. What texture would most likely form?

A
The rock would develop a nonfoliated texture with coarse, interlocking crystals formed by heat.
B
The rock would develop alternating light and dark mineral bands formed by compression.
C
The rock would develop fine, flaky layers with weak mineral bonding formed by fluids.
D
The rock would develop a foliated texture with long, aligned minerals formed by pressure.

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