Read the excerpt from "Lather and Nothing Else" He went on talking. He evidently took it for granted that I was on the side of the existing regime. "The people must have gotten a scare with what happened the other day,” he said. "Yes,” I replied, as I finished tying the knot against his nape, which smelt of sweat. "Good show, wasn’t it?” "Very good,” I answered, turning my attention now to the brush. The man closed his eyes wearily and awaited the cool caress of the lather. How does this conversation build suspense in the story?
Which reason best supports Zimmermann’s claim in The Code Book that "cryptography is about political power”?
Read the excerpt from The Code Book . By this stage, sending a PGP encrypted message is becoming quite complicated. The IDEA cipher is being used to encrypt the message, RSA is being used to encrypt the IDEA key, and another stage of encryption has to be incorporated if a digital signature is required. However, Zimmermann developed his product in such a way that it would do everything automatically, so that Alice and Bob would not have to worry about the mathematics. To send a message to Bob, Alice would simply write her e-mail and select the PGP option from a menu on her computer screen. Next she would type in Bob's name, then PGP would find Bob's public key and automatically perform all the encryption. At the same time PGP would do the necessary jiggery-pokery required to digitally sign the message. Upon receiving the encrypted message, Bob would select the PGP option, and PGP would decrypt the message and verify the author. Nothing in PGP was original—Diffie and Hellman had already thought of digital signatures and other cryptographers had used a combination of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers to speed up encryption—but Zimmermann was the first to put everything together in one easy-to-use encryption product, which was efficient enough to run on a moderately sized personal computer. Which fact most effectively supports the claim that PGP can be used by an ordinary person?
Read the excerpt from "The Enigma Machine.” Cryptologists looked for cribs, which are repeated expressions in messages. Sloppy operators would repeat phrases like "nothing to report" or "weather forecast" ( Wettervorhersage ), which served as clues. If there were no cribs to be found, the British would send out false information about, say, British mines planted in a given area. The Germans might then send messages with the name of that area, which would provide clues about deciphering that code. Which is the meaning of the word cryptologists ?
Which excerpt from "The Enigma Machine” supports the claim that German soldiers accidentally helped the Allies figure out the Enigma codes?
Part 2 Which sentence best supports the correct answer to Part 1?
This question has two parts. First, answer Part 1. Then, answer Part 2. Part 1 Read the excerpt from The Code Book . However, as with every technology, there is a dark side to encryption. As well as protecting the communications of law-abiding citizens, encryption also protects the communications of criminals and terrorists. Currently, the police use wiretapping as a way of gathering evidence in serious cases, such as organized crime and terrorism, but this would be impossible if criminals used unbreakable ciphers. As we enter the twenty-first century, the fundamental dilemma for cryptography is to find a way of allowing the public and business to use encryption in order to exploit the benefits of the Information Age without allowing criminals to abuse encryption and evade arrest. There is currently an active and vigorous debate about the best way forward, and much of the discussion has been inspired by the story of Phil Zimmermann, a man whose attempts to encourage the widespread use of strong encryption have panicked America's security experts, threatened the effectiveness of the billion-dollar National Security Agency, and made him the subject of an FBI inquiry and a grand jury investigation. Identify the author’s claim in this excerpt.
Which will be most helpful as Duncan re-reads his notes to find the central idea of the interview?
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