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Nuclear Chemistry — Test Answers

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A radioactive nuclide has 53 protons and 78 neutrons. Which is the symbol of this nuclide?

A
78 to the 131th power Pt
B
53 to the 78th power Pt
C
53 to the 131th power cap i
D
78 to the 53th power cap i
2
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The symbol for a radioactive nuclide is 84210Po Which statement is correct?

A
The atomic number of the radioactive nuclide is 210 .
B
The mass number of the radioactive nuclide is 294 .
C
The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of each atom is 126 .
D
The number of protons present in the nucleus of each atom is 210 .
3

Because of the costs involved in maintaining high temperatures and pressure, nuclear _______ is not yet a practical method for generating electrical energy. Which best completes the statement?

A
generators
B
fusion
C
fission
D
energy
4

Uranium- 232 has a half-life of 68 point 8 years. After 344 point 0 years, how much uranium- 232 will remain from a 100 point 0 - g sample?

A
1 point 5 6 g
B
3 point 1 3 g
C
5 point 0 0 g
D
20 point 0 g
5

An article about half-lives describes a daughter isotope. What is a daughter isotope?

A
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a more stable isotope
B
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a less stable isotope
C
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a more stable isotope
D
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a less stable isotope
6

The mass number of an isotope of uranium is 238 , and its atomic number is 92 . Which symbol best represents this isotope of uranium?

A
238 to the 92th power cap u
B
92 to the th power cap u
C
92 to the 238th power cap u
D
to the 92th power cap u
7

What part of an atom is involved in a chemical reaction?

A
proton
B
electron
C
nucleus
D
neutron
8

A sample contains 16 point 7 5 g of the radioisotope cap u - 236 and 50 point 2 5 g of its daughter isotope, Th - 232 How long did it take for decay to take place if one half-life of cap u - 236 is 23 million years?

A
92 million years
B
69 million years
C
115 million years
D
46 million years
9

Which is the best location for storing radioactive wastes?

A
in the lava tubes of an active volcano
B
in chambers carved into the rock of a mountain
C
in the sand of a remote island
D
in natural caverns formed by the action of a river
10

Which definition describes a half-life?

A
The time required for half of a radioactive sample to become unstable.
B
The time required for all of a sample to break down due to pressure change.
C
The time required for all of a radioactive sample to change because of heat.
D
The time required for half of a radioactive sample to decay.
11

Consider the nuclear equation. 94 to the 239th power Pu rightarrow cap x plus 2 to the 4th power He What is X ?

A
92 to the 243th power cap u
B
96 to the 235th power Cm
C
96 to the 243th power Cm
D
92 to the 235th power cap u
12

Which type of radiation is the main hazard during radiological procedures?

A
positron
B
alpha
C
gamma
D
beta
13

Examine the nuclear reaction: 1 to the 1th power cap h plus 0 to the 1th power n rightarrow 1 squared cap h Why is this classified as a nuclear reaction rather than a chemical reaction?

A
A new compound is formed.
B
It is not balanced.
C
A new element has been formed.
D
A change has occurred in a nucleus.
14

What is Albert Einstein’s contribution to the understanding of nuclear energy?

A
He demonstrated that a uranium nucleus splits and releases neutrons.
B
He developed the use of nuclear reactions to generate electricity.
C
He first discovered that nuclear-reaction products are lighter than the reactants.
D
He proposed that matter can be converted to energy and vice versa.
15

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has no mass. What other characteristic does the radiation have?

A
no charge
B
low penetrating power
C
some shielding required
D
positive or negative charge
16

How does the Sun release nuclear energy?

A
through the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into a heavier nucleus
B
through the fission of a uranium nucleus into smaller nuclei
C
through the fusion of a uranium nucleus into smaller nuclei
D
through the fission of hydrogen nuclei into a heavier nucleus
17

Consider the nuclear equation. 1122Na→1022Ne+?0β Which is the missing value that will balance the equation?

A
plus 1
B
0
C
negative 1
D
plus 2
18

A mining company wants to build a modern processing plant that is safe for workers. The location of the plant is close to the mining operation, which has inadvertently exposed some sources of radionuclides. Which is the best reason for consulting with a nuclear chemist before building the processing plant?

A
to destroy all the radionuclides in the area immediately
B
to conduct tests to see if workers are affected by radiation
C
to determine the level of radionuclides present
D
to explain the health concerns that are related to radiation
19

Which profession is likely to use a radiation shield?

A
geologist
B
mathematician
C
astronomer
D
dentist
20

Nuclear energy is currently used in which three kinds of vehicles?

A
spacecraft, airplanes, cars
B
cars, submarines, spacecraft
C
submarines, ships, spacecraft
D
airplanes, submarines, ships

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