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Nuclear Chemistry — Test Answers

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Which radioisotope is used as a tracer in nuclear scanning?

A
carbon - 14
B
uranium- 238
C
technetium- 99 m
D
iodine- 129
22
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Which represents a balanced nuclear equation?

A
11 to the 23th power Na rightarrow 12 to the 24th power Mg plus 1 to the 1th power cap h
B
12 to the 23th power Mg rightarrow 12 to the 24th power Mg plus 0 to the 1th power n
C
11 to the 24th power Na rightarrow 12 to the 24th power Mg plus negative 1 to the 0 power e
D
13 to the 24th power Al rightarrow 12 to the 24th power Mg plus negative 1 to the 0 power e
23

What can form as a result of a chemical reaction?

A
alpha particles
B
compounds
C
isotopes
D
beta particles
24

Which type of radiation is blocked by the skin but is the most dangerous once it is inside the body?

A
gamma particles
B
radionuclides
C
alpha particles
D
beta particles
25

A target is shielded from a radioactive sample by a sheet of metal. What kind of radiation can pass through the sheet of metal and hit the target?

A
beta particles and alpha particles
B
gamma rays and beta particles
C
beta particles only
D
gamma rays only
26

What is the best way for the power plant manager to modify the reactor to meet the demand for electricity?

A
raise the control rods so that fewer neutrons are absorbed and more can split uranium atoms
B
lower the control rods, which will absorb more neutrons before they can split atoms
C
remove some of the fuel rods, which will leave more room for additional neutrons to split atoms
D
add additional fuel rods to generate additional neutrons to split uranium atoms
27

Which statement best identifies the process shown?

A
The process must be fusion because energy is released.
B
The process must be fission because neutrons are formed.
C
The process must be fusion because a heavier nucleus forms from smaller nuclei.
D
The process must be fission because a large nucleus breaks into smaller nuclei.
28

How is half-life most likely used with respect to this fossil?

A
to determine the species shown by the fossil
B
to find the age of the fossil
C
to find the mass of the fossil
D
to determine if radiation is being emitted from the fossil
29

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a negative 1 charge. What other characteristic does the radiation have?

A
high penetrating power
B
no mass
C
large mass
D
some shielding required
30

An article about half-lives describes a parent isotope. What is a parent isotope?

A
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a less stable isotope
B
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a more stable isotope
C
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a less stable isotope
D
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a more stable isotope
31

What is the main reason why many nuclear power plants are located near bodies of water?

A
to avoid problems with water supply during a drought
B
to have easy access to a coolant for the reactor
C
to be close to shipping lanes for frequent fuel delivery
D
to wash wastes out of the power plant
32

Which represents the balanced equation for the beta minus emission of phosphorus- 32 ?

A
15 to the 32th power cap p rightarrow 13 to the 28th power Al plus 2 to the 4th power He
B
15 to the 32th power cap p rightarrow 14 to the 32th power Si plus plus 1 to the 0 power e
C
15 to the 32th power cap p rightarrow 16 to the 32th power cap s plus negative 1 to the 0 power e
D
15 to the 32th power cap p rightarrow 14 to the 32th power Si plus negative 1 to the 0 power e
33

The storage method used for radioactive wastes generated from fission nuclear reactors must be designed to last for how long?

A
centuries
B
weeks
C
years
D
months
34

Consider the nuclear equation. 86222Rn→?218Po+24He Which is the missing value that will balance the equation?

A
88
B
86
C
90
D
84
35

Which is a difference between the focus of a nuclear engineer and the job of a nuclear chemist?

A
Nuclear chemists are concerned with the design, construction, and operation of nuclear reactors; nuclear engineers study nuclear reactions, radioactive elements, and nuclear power.
B
Nuclear engineers are concerned with the production and use of radioactive sources; nuclear chemists study the absorption of radiation.
C
Nuclear chemists are concerned with the production and use of radioactive sources; nuclear engineers study the absorption of radiation.
D
Nuclear engineers are concerned with the design, construction, and operation of nuclear reactors; nuclear chemists study nuclear reactions, radioactive elements, and nuclear power.
36

A nuclear power plant is built alongside a river. What measurements should a monitoring station downstream record to be sure that the proper procedures are being followed at the power plant?

A
temperature and radiation levels
B
salt concentration and temperature
C
density and radiation levels
D
radiation levels and dust levels
37

What type of particle has no mass or charge?

A
Gamma
B
Beta
C
Alpha
D
Proton
38

Which type of radiation travels at the speed of light and penetrates matter easily?

A
radionuclides
B
alpha particles
C
gamma rays
D
beta particles
39

Which statement correctly compares chemical reactions with nuclear reactions?

A
In chemical reactions, only protons and neutrons are affected. In nuclear reactions, only electrons are affected.
B
In chemical reactions, new isotopes are formed. In nuclear reactions, new compounds are formed.
C
In chemical reactions, small amounts of energy can be absorbed or released. In nuclear reactions, changes in energy are much larger.
D
Chemical reactions can be represented by balanced equations. Nuclear reactions cannot be represented by balanced equations.
40

Which numbers are shown in the symbol for a radioactive nuclide?

A
the mass number and the number of neutrons
B
the atomic number and the mass number
C
the atomic number and the number of neutrons
D
the number of electrons and the number of protons

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