AnswersPhysical ScienceAtoms and the Periodic Table

Practice Test Answers

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1
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Which is most likely true about electronegativity?

A
It tends to be the same across a period.
B
It tends to increase down a group.
C
It tends to be the same down a group.
D
It tends to increase across a period.
2
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Who was the first chemist to organize elements by atomic number?

A
Antoine Lavoisier
B
Henry Moseley
C
John Newlands
D
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
3

What is an atomic nucleus?

A
the outer part of an atom in which electrons move
B
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and electrons
C
the outer part of an atom in which neutrons move
D
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
4

The atomic number of beryllium Be is 4 , and the atomic number of barium Ba is 56 Which comparison is best supported by this information?

A
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
B
They are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
C
They are in the same group because their atomic numbers are each multiples of four, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
D
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
5

Which statement describes the location of most metalloids on the periodic table?

A
The metalloids are located below nonmetals and above metals within a group.
B
The metalloids are located below metals and above nonmetals within a group.
C
The metalloids are located to the right of nonmetals and to the right of metals within a period.
D
The metalloids are located to the left of nonmetals and to the left of metals within a period.
6

What is the predicted order of first ionization energies from highest to lowest for lithium ( Li ), sodium ( Na ), potassium ( cap k ), and rubidium ( Rb )?

A
Rb is greater than cap k comma cap k is greater than Na comma Na is greater than Li
B
Li is greater than Na comma Na is greater than cap k comma cap k is greater than Rb
C
cap k is greater than Rb comma Rb is greater than Na comma Na is greater than Li
D
Rb is greater than cap k comma cap k is greater than Li comma Li is greater than Na
7

Where are alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?

A
Group 2
B
Groups 3–12
C
Group 1
D
Group 17
8

Which is the property of nonmetals to evaporate easily?

A
liquid
B
brittle
C
volatile
D
dense
9

Which element is most likely to carry electric current easily?

A
selenium Se
B
antimony Sb
C
tin Sn
D
sulfur cap s
10

An atom of the element chromium has an atomic number of 24 and a mass number of 52. How many electrons are in an uncharged atom of chromium?

A
24
B
28
C
52
D
0
11

Which describes radioactive decay of a substance?

A
Isotopes are the least stable during the later half-lives.
B
Isotopes are the most stable during the first half-life.
C
More of the radioactivity is lost during the first half-life than in later half-lives.
D
More of the radioactivity is lost during the fourth half-life than in the first half-life.
12

Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?

A
forms basic compounds and is a solid
B
has a high luster and is very brittle
C
is brittle and forms acidic compounds
D
is a gas and has low electrical conductivity
13

Which radioactive isotopes did the Curies discover?

A
polonium and radium
B
carbon-14 and uranium
C
radium and carbon-14
D
uranium and polonium
14

What surprising result is explained using this model?

A
Most positive particles passed through because of the empty space between the outer edge and the center.
B
A few positive particles bounced back because they bounced off of the net formed by the ovals.
C
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
D
Most positive particles passed through because they were attracted by the small particles moving around the center.
15

What best explains how they should complete the table?

A
with “Outside the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
B
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
C
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a neutron
D
with “Outside the nucleus,” because the particle is an electron
16

What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?

A
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back off of the thin metallic foil.
B
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
C
Equations were used to identify regions around the nucleus where electrons would likely be.
D
Experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.
17

Which element is likely more reactive, and why?

A
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a valence shell close to the nucleus, so it will attract electrons.
B
Element 1 is more reactive because it has more electrons in its valence shell and is farther to the right on the periodic table.
C
Element 1 is more reactive because it has fewer electron shells and is toward the top of its group on the periodic table.
D
Element 2 is more reactive because it does not have a full valence shell, so it will attract electrons.
18

What is the atomic number of this atom?

A
6
B
8
C
9
D
16

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