AnswersPhysicsThermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Practice Test Answers

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Another substance has less kinetic energy than substance Z but more kinetic energy than substance X. What could be the temperature of this substance in degrees Celsius?

A
25
B
20
C
18
D
15
2
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Which statement is best supported by the data in the chart?

A
Substance Y will transfer thermal energy to substance Z through conduction if they are mixed.
B
Substance W will transfer thermal energy to substance X through conduction if they are mixed.
C
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance W through radiation if they are placed near each other.
D
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance Y mainly through radiation if they are mixed.
3

Which arrow best indicates the second law of thermodynamics?

A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
4

Which labels belong in the areas marked X and Y?

A
X: absorbs heat Y: involves a change between solids and liquids
B
X: absorbs heat Y: involves a change between gases and solids
C
X: involves a change between solids and liquids Y: releases heat
D
X: involves a change between gases and liquids Y: releases heat
5

Which best describes Jin's error?

A
For step 1, he should have used 180 J as the change in internal energy.
B
For step 1, he should have subtracted 78 J from 180 J to find the change in internal energy.
C
For step 2, he should have subtracted the change in internal energy from the energy used to do work.
D
For step 2, he should have subtracted the energy used to do work from the change in internal energy.
6

A substance will have a relatively rigid, unchanging shape when it is a

A
solid.
B
plasma.
C
gas.
D
liquid.
7

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what could happen when heat is added to a system?

A
New energy is created within the system.
B
The heat is turned into work done by the system.
C
Some of the energy in the system is destroyed.
D
The internal energy of the system decreases.
8

Substance X transfers thermal energy to substance Y through conduction. What is an accurate conclusion about the condition of both substances before conduction occurred?

A
Substance X was cooler than substance Y.
B
The substances were the same temperature.
C
Substance X’s molecules were faster than substance Y’s.
D
Their molecules had the same amount of energy.
9

Which best describes the relationship between internal energy and thermal energy?

A
Thermal energy is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred.
B
Internal energy is a measure of the thermal energy of a substance.
C
Thermal energy is a measure of the internal energy of a substance.
D
Internal energy is the portion of thermal energy that can be transferred.
10

Which statement best explains who is incorrect?

A
Mia is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the second law of thermodynamics.
B
Mia is incorrect because machines and engines can never be 100 percent efficient.
C
Chen is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the first law of thermodynamics.
D
Chen is incorrect because in heat engines thermal energy flows from cool to warm areas.
11

Which statement best describes what is happening at segment W-X?

A
A gas is changing to a liquid.
B
Water is releasing heat.
C
Water is absorbing heat.
D
A liquid is changing to a gas.
12

Why does the liquid rise up through the dip tube when the valve is opened?

A
The valve allows air into the can, and since air is expandable, it comes into the can and pushes out the propellant and spray that had been in the can before.
B
The liquid spray wants to expand as much as it can, so when the valve is opened, it naturally moves up through the tube, leaving behind the propellant gas that was holding it back.
C
The propellant gas wants to expand as much as it can, so if the valve is open, the propellant expands and pushes the spray up out of the can making more room for itself to expand.
D
The compressed gas is able to reverse the force of gravity because gravity does not work on atoms that are far apart. So when the force is reversed, the spray moves up instead of down.

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