AnswersPhysicsThermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics — Test Answers

21 verified answers
1
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Which best describes how the diagram illustrates both laws of thermodynamics?

A
First law: Some thermal energy is lost to the surrounding environment as it travels through the system. Second law: Kinetic energy is used to turn an electrical generator.
B
First law: Thermal energy is used to do work on the turbines. Second law: High-temperature steam flows to an area of lower temperatures in the turbines.
C
First law: High-temperature steam flows to an area of lower temperature in the turbines. Second law: Thermal energy is used to do work on the turbines.
D
First law: Kinetic energy is used to turn an electrical generator. Second law: Some thermal energy is lost to the surrounding environment as it travels through the system.
2
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How would the system change if the container were placed on a hot plate?

A
Some kinetic energy would be destroyed.
B
Some kinetic energy would be produced.
C
The kinetic energy of the molecules would increase.
D
The kinetic energy of the molecules would decrease.
3

Which label belongs in the area marked Y?

A
Occurs when molecules are in direct contact
B
Must involve temperature differences between substances or objects
C
Can occur where there is little or no matter
D
Involves the movement of fluids based on density differences
4

Which changes of state occur between solids and gases? Choose two correct answers.

A
sublimation
B
deposition
C
melting
D
vaporization
E
freezing
5

Zoe finds that the temperature of a substance is 12 degrees Celsius. What does this tell Zoe about the substance?

A
Its average kinetic energy is 12 on the Celsius scale.
B
Its internal energy is less than 12 degrees Celsius.
C
It has a specific heat of 12 on the Celsius scale.
D
It has a potential energy of 12 degrees Celsius.
6

A substance will take on the shape of an open container if it is a

A
liquid.
B
gas.
C
plasma.
D
solid.
7

Which are properties of solids? Choose two correct answers.

A
is made up of free-moving ions and electrons
B
will expand to completely fill a closed container
C
can change shape to conform to a container
D
has a rigid shape that does not change easily
E
is compressed more easily than other states
F
has particles that can wiggle but cannot move
G
has particles that have some freedom to move
8

Which best compares kinetic energy and temperature?

A
Temperature is energy of motion, while kinetic energy is a measure of that energy in substances.
B
Temperature is internal transferable energy, while kinetic energy is a measure of that energy in substances.
C
Kinetic energy is energy of motion, while temperature is a measure of that energy in substances.
D
Kinetic energy is internal transferable energy, while temperature is a measure of that energy in substances.
9

Dante pours hot tea into a mug that is cool to the touch. Which best explains what will happen now?

A
The tea will get warmer because the mug acts as a thermal insulator.
B
The mug will get warmer because the tea creates more thermal energy inside the mug.
C
The tea will get cooler because it gains energy from the mug.
D
The mug will get warmer because thermal energy transfers from the tea to the mug.
11

How much heat is needed to vaporize 10 point 0 0 grams of water at 100 point 0 times degree C ? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2 comma 259 J/g

A
22 point 5 9 cap j
B
2 comma 269 cap j
C
1 comma 000 cap j
D
22 comma 590 cap j
15

When frozen ice cream melts, the atoms in the ice cream

A
move closer together.
B
become electrons.
C
become ions.
D
move further apart.
16

Temperature is a measure of how much the atoms in a substance are moving. Why is a substance hotter in the gas state than in the liquid state?

A
Atoms move more freely in the gas state.
B
Atoms move in the gas state but not the liquid state.
C
Atoms can move to change a liquid’s shape.
D
Atoms can be compressed when in the gas state.
17

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics as compared to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
The first law describes how thermal energy is conserved but not the direction it moves.
B
The first law describes the direction thermal energy moves but not how it is conserved.
C
The first law describes how thermal energy can be destroyed but not how it can be created.
D
The first law describes how thermal energy can be created but not how it can be destroyed.
18

A heat engine has a temperature of 1800 cap k Some of the heat from the engine flows to the surroundings, which are at a temperature of 160 cap k What is the approximate efficiency of the engine?

A
109 percent
B
103 percent
C
16 percent
D
91 percent
19

A substance has a specific heat of 0 point 8 7 0 the fraction with numerator cap j and denominator g times degree C It requires 2 comma 000 point 0 joules to increase the temperature of 10 point 0 grams of the substance from its original temperature to its final temperature. By how many degrees did the substance increase?

A
174 times degree C
B
230 times degree C
C
1 comma 740 times degree C
D
87 point 0 times degree C
20

Suppose the exhaust system on a heat engine is not functioning properly. Which statement best explains how this will affect the engine?

A
Combustion and subsequent gas expansion will not occur.
B
Burned gases will not be released into the surrounding air.
C
The fuel-air mixture will not be able to enter the cylinder.
D
The temperature of the gas will not increase during the compression stage.
21

What change of state occurs during vaporization?

A
liquid to solid
B
gas to liquid
C
liquid to gas
D
solid to liquid
22

Which best describes a spontaneous process as it relates to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
It occurs naturally.
B
It destroys heat.
C
It creates energy.
D
It requires work.
23

Thermodynamics is the study of the relationship between thermal energy and

A
types of engines.
B
mass.
C
temperature.
D
other forms of energy.
24

Which condition must exist in order for conduction to occur between two substances?

A
Both substances must be the same temperature.
B
Most of the molecules must be slow moving.
C
At least one substance must be a liquid.
D
The molecules of the substances must be touching.

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