AnswersTX-Physics CRFirst Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics Answers

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The diagram shows a heat engine.

Question illustration
A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
2
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Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics as compared to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
The first law describes how thermal energy is conserved but not the direction it moves.
B
The first law describes the direction thermal energy moves but not how it is conserved.
C
The first law describes how thermal energy can be created but not how it can be destroyed.
D
The first law describes how thermal energy can be destroyed but not how it can be created.
3

The diagram is being used to illustrate the second law of thermodynamics, where Qh represents a hot object and Qc represents a cold object.

Question illustration
A
adding in the boxes an arrow that points from Qh to Qc
B
adding in the boxes an arrow that points from Qc to Qh
C
adding in the boxes an arrow that points in both directions between Qh and Qc
D
adding in each box an arrow that points upward from Qh and from Qc
4

[BLANK]

A
decrease
B
increase
C
remain constant
D
constantly fluctuate
5

Which best describes a spontaneous process as it relates to the second law of thermodynamics?

A
It destroys heat.
B
It requires work.
C
It creates energy.
D
It occurs naturally.
6

A heat engine uses thermal energy flowing from a heat source that is 225 K to a cold sink that is 50 K.

A
22%
B
45%
C
78%
D
123%
7

Rosa pours a cup of boiling water into a pot of room-temperature water. According to the second law of thermodynamics, what will occur?

A
Thermal energy from the room-temperature water will continuously flow to the boiling water.
B
Thermal energy from the room-temperature water will flow to the boiling water until all of the water in the pot is at a single temperature.
C
Thermal energy from the boiling water will continuously flow to the room-temperature water.
D
Thermal energy from the boiling water will flow to the room-temperature water until all of the water in the pot is at a single temperature.
8

The diagram is a real-world example of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It shows how thermal energy is used to generate electricity.Which best describes how the diagram illustrates both laws of thermodynamics?

Question illustration
A
First law: High-temperature steam flows to an area of lower temperature in the turbines.Second law: Thermal energy is used to do work on the turbines.
B
First law: Thermal energy is used to do work on the turbines.Second law: High-temperature steam flows to an area of lower temperatures in the turbines.
C
First law: Some thermal energy is lost to the surrounding environment as it travels through the system.Second law: Kinetic energy is used to turn an electrical generator.
D
First law: Kinetic energy is used to turn an electrical generator. Second law: Some thermal energy is lost to the surrounding environment as it travels through the system.
9

What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a heat engine?

A
Efficiency = StartFraction T Subscript h Baseline minus T Subscript C Baseline over T Subscript h Baseline EndFraction times 100.
Option A
B
Efficiency equals T Subscript c Baseline minus T Subscript h Baseline over T Subscript h Baseline all times 100.
Option B
C
Efficiency equals T Subscript h Baseline minus T Subscript c Baseline over T Subscript c Baseline all times 100.
Option C
D
Efficiency equals T Subscript c Baseline minus T Subscript h Baseline over T Subscript c Baseline all times 100.
Option D
10

The chart shows data for four heat engines.Which lists the engines from most efficient to least efficient?

Question illustration
A
Y, X, W, Z
B
Z, W, X, Y
C
Z, X, W, Y
D
Y, W, X, Z

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