AnswersCMS 2026-2027 Biology CREDIT RECOVERYThe Chemistry of Life

The Chemistry of Life — Test Answers

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1
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Which carbohydrate can be used by the body as an immediate source of energy?

A
cellulose
B
glycogen
C
chitin
D
glucose
2
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Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

A
The phosphate portions repel each other.
B
The lipid portions attract water, and the phosphate portions repel water.
C
The hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts attract each other.
D
The phosphate portions attract water, and the lipid portions repel water.
3

Where is the greatest amount of the world’s carbon found?

A
atmosphere
B
plants and animals
C
seafloor sediments
D
ocean
4

Which type of molecule that can be found in living things lacks carbon atoms?

A
protein
B
carbohydrate
C
fat
D
water
5

Which characteristic best distinguishes runoff and infiltration?

A
Runoff involves condensation and infiltration involves evaporation.
B
Runoff describes water movement and infiltration describes water storage.
C
Runoff occurs during floods and infiltration occurs during drought.
D
Runoff occurs over land and infiltration occurs underground.
6

Which sequence of processes transports water from the atmosphere to the ocean and then back into a cloud?

A
evaporation right arrow precipitation right arrow condensation
B
precipitation right arrow evaporation right arrow condensation
C
precipitation right arrow condensation right arrow transpiration
D
evaporation right arrow condensation right arrow sublimation
7

Which will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A
removing a catalyst
B
decreasing the pressure
C
adding a catalyst
D
decreasing the temperature
8

What is the general term for any carbohydrate monomer?

A
glucose
B
polysaccharide
C
monosaccharide
D
fructose
9

A scientist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxygen gas. Which group of statements best describe all of the materials he is using in the investigation?

A
They are all elements. Some contain molecules of the same type of atom. Some contain different types of atoms.
B
They are each compounds. Each of the compounds is made of atoms. All of the atoms are made of matter.
C
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds and some are elements. They all contain atoms.
D
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
10

Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A
Photosynthesis releases carbon into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration removes carbon from the atmosphere.
B
Photosynthesis is part of the carbon cycle, and cellular respiration is not.
C
Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration releases carbon back into the atmosphere.
D
Only plants perform photosynthesis, and only animals perform cellular respiration.
11

What would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential amino acids in his or her diet?

A
Muscle growth and repair would be limited.
B
The formation of proteins would increase.
C
Stored protein would break down.
D
The body would synthesize the amino acids.
12

A scientist is examining the role of an element found in fats and carbohydrates of living things. This element makes up 65 percent of human body mass. Which statement describes the element he is studying?

A
He is studying oxygen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
B
He is studying oxygen, which can also be found in proteins.
C
He is studying nitrogen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
D
He is studying nitrogen, which can also be found in proteins.
13

Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?

A
Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction.
B
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
C
Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.
D
Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
14

Which is released during the formation of a peptide bond?

A
an amino group
B
an amino acid
C
a water molecule
D
a five-carbon sugar
15

What is a difference between starch and glycogen?

A
Starch stores energy, and glycogen provides structural support.
B
Starch is composed of fructose, and glycogen is composed of glucose.
C
Starch is found in plants, and glycogen is found in animals.
D
Starch is a monomer, and glycogen is a polymer.
16

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

A
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
B
The person’s good cholesterol would increase.
C
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
D
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
17

A scientist is examining the function of macromolecules in a cell. She notices that movement of large molecules into and out of the cell is disrupted when she damages one specific type of macromolecule. Which macromolecule has she most likely damaged?

A
a protein
B
a steroid
C
a carbohydrate
D
a nucleic acid
18

Hemophilia is a disease that causes uncontrollable bleeding. If a father has it, all of his daughters will be carriers of the disease. Which macromolecule is involved in how hemophilia is passed from parents to their children?

A
nucleic acid
B
protein
C
carbohydrate
D
lipid
19

In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere?

A
cap h sub 2 cap o
B
cap c sub 6 cap h sub 12 cap o sub 6
C
CO sub 2
D
ATP
20

Which type of protein will fight disease?

A
antibodies
B
genes
C
insulin
D
ligaments

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