AnswersCrowley Original Credit Chemistry BThe Nucleus

The Nucleus Answers

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Which answer choice best explains why nuclear reactions release more energy than chemical reactions?

A
Electrostatic forces of repulsion are thousands of times stronger than gravitational forces.
B
Gravitational forces are thousands of times stronger than electrostatic forces of repulsion.
C
The force that binds together protons and neutrons is stronger than the force that attracts and repels protons and electrons.
D
The force that attracts and repels protons and electrons is stronger than the force that binds together protons and neutrons.
2
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A scientist is trying to determine whether a certain substance is radioactive. Which question would be most helpful to ask?

A
Does the substance have a positive electric charge or a negative electric charge?
B
Can the substance be used to generate electricity in a power plant?
C
Do the atoms that make up the substance have nuclei that split apart over time?
D
Do the nuclei of the substance’s atoms contain more neutrons than protons?
3

How are energy and mass connected during the formation of an atom?

A
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is increased.
B
Energy is released, so the mass is increased.
C
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is reduced.
D
Energy is released, so the mass is reduced.
4

The nuclei of most atoms contain multiple protons. Each proton has a positive charge. If objects that have like charges repel each other, why do the protons in the nuclei of most atoms not fly apart?

A
The charges of protons and neutrons cancel each other out.
B
Electrons outside the nucleus push on protons.
C
A strong nuclear force between an atom’s protons and neutrons holds together the atom’s nucleus.
D
Protons experience a more powerful attraction to the negatively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus.
5

In reaction A, each sodium atom gives one electron to a chlorine atom. In reaction B, an isotope of oxygen decays to form an isotope of nitrogen. Which statement best describes the energy that is released per gram by these reactions?

A
Reaction A releases more energy than reaction B releases.
B
Reaction B releases more energy than reaction A releases.
C
Reaction A and reaction B release equal amounts of energy.
D
Neither reaction A nor reaction B releases energy.
6

An example of a radioactive isotope is

A
carbon-12.
B
carbon-14.
C
neon-20.
D
neon-22.
7

Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?

A
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
B
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
C
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
D
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
8

Which force is most responsible for binding together an atom’s protons and neutrons?

A
electrostatic
B
gravitational
C
nuclear
D
magnetic
9

How many neutrons does the isotope N-14 have?

A
6
B
7
C
8
D
9
10

Which answer choice best explains why atoms of carbon-14 (C-14) are unstable?

A
Atoms of C-14 have too many negatively charged electrons and too few positively charged protons.
B
Atoms of C-14 have too many positively charged protons and too few negatively charged electrons.
C
There are 2 more protons than neutrons in the nucleus.
D
There are 2 more neutrons than protons in the nucleus.

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The Nucleus Answers — Crowley Original Credit…